小花草玉梅花器官变异多样性机制初步研究

以野外条件下花器官发生了多样性变异的小花草玉梅(Anemone rivularis var.flore-minore)为材料,根据其花器官变异部位及程度将变异分为5类:全白、绿白相间、五瓣、全绿和极端变异。通过分子鉴定、花器官形态学观察、AP3-3基因分析,对其变异多样性机制进行了初步研究。结果表明,正常植株和变异植株的ITS2和rbc L序列无差异位点,表明正常植株和变异植株为同一物种;形态观察发现变异花形态差异很大,由外向内存在连续变异梯度,除正常和五瓣花的花被片数相对稳定外,其余各类型花器官数和占比均不稳定,且花被片数占比的增减与雄蕊、雌蕊的占比呈负相关,说明变异花中内层增加的花被片可能是由雄蕊和雌蕊转化而来;在正常和绿白相间变异AP3-3序列基础上,扩增其余4种变异植株的AP3-3,比对正常株和变异株AP3-3序列,发现变异株AP3-3在上游调控区有一段插入,在编码区有1个碱基缺失,其可能与小花草玉梅花器官变异有关。

Preliminary Study of Mechanism on Diversity of Floral Organ Variants in Anemone rivularis var. flore-minore

After several years’ survey，a serious of nature floral organs variants of Anemone rivularis var. flore-minore were determined. Based on varation organ and varation level，variants were divided into 5 types：white，green-white，five-flap，green and extreme variation. The variation mechanism was studied preliminarily through molecular identification，morphological observations，and AP3-3 genes analysis. The results indicate that both ITS2 and rbcL sequences from normal and variants had no difference after comparison，so the normal and variant plants were identified as the same species. Variant flowers had big differences in morphologys，which existed a variation gradient from outside，and proportion and number of floral organs were all unstable except tepals numbers from normal and five-flap flowers，besides，tepals proportion was negative correlation with stamens/carpels，so it indicated that increased tepals in variant flowers were very likely transformed from stamens and carpels. Based on AP3-3 genes from normal and green-white plants，the rest AP3-3 genes were amplified. Sequence alignment of AP3-3 from normal and variant plants showed that regulation region had a insertion and CDS region had 1 base deletion. Both of insertion and deletion might involve in variation.