秦岭与子午岭地区紫斑牡丹居群表型多样性研究

对陕西省境内秦岭与子午岭地区7个具有代表性的紫斑牡丹(Paeonia rockii)天然居群进行系统观察和记录,采用巢式方差分析、相关性分析和聚类分析等方法对叶片、花、果实器官等20个表型性状进行多样性分析。结果表明:(1)紫斑牡丹20个性状在居群间差异极显著,在居群内仅有株高、全叶长和种子径差异极显著;20个性状的平均表型分化系数(V_(ST))为71.07%,说明居群间的变异是其表型变异的主要来源。(2)各表型性状的平均变异系数(CV)为7.04%~21.66%,性状离散程度低;果实相关性状平均变异系数为14.45%,大于叶片(13.19%)和花器官(11.40%)。(3)相关性分析表明,紫斑牡丹生殖生长受营养生长影响较小。(4)地理生态因子与表型性状相关性分析表明,经纬度对花器官性状影响最大,而年降雨量对果实性状影响最大;(5)表型性状聚类分析表明,7个紫斑牡丹天然居群被划分为3类,各居群之间没有严格按地理距离聚类,而是与各居群环境因素有关。

Phenotypic Diversity of Paeonia rockii Populations in Qinling and Ziwuling Mountain Areas

Seven populations of Paeonia rockii in Qinling and Ziwuling Mountain areas of Shaanxi were selected to analyze the phenotypic diversity based on 20 phenotypic traits from leaves，flowers and fruits by nested ANOVA，correlation analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed：（1）There were highly significant differences in 20 phenotypic traits among populations. Plant height，Leaf length and seed diameter were highly significant differences within populations. The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient（V_ST）of the 20 phenotypic traits was 71.07%，which indicated that the phenotypic variation mainly occurred among populations.（2）The average variation coefficient（CV） of phenotype traits ranged from 7.04% in seed average weigh to 21.66% in seed number in a fruit，which showed that there was low variation of phenotypic traits in Paeonia rockii populations. The average variation coefficient of traits on fruits was 14.45%，higher than that of leaves（13.19%）and flowers（11.40%）.（3）Correlation analysis showed that reproductive growth was slightly affected by vegetative growth.（4）The correlation analysis between geo-ecological factors and phenotypic traits showed that the latitude and longitude had significant effect on flowers traits，and the average annual rainfall had the maximum influence on fruits.（5）The cluster analysis on the phenotypic traits showed 7 populations were divided into 3 groups associated with environmental factors，which did not strictly classify according to the geography distance.