不同覆膜栽培方式对天水旱地冬油菜生长、产量和水分利用效率的影响

以全膜双垄沟播、全膜覆土、全膜平铺、起垄膜侧和露地栽培5种处理方式，研究了不同覆膜栽培方式对冬油菜生育期、越冬率、产量和经济性状、水分利用效率的影响。结果表明：全膜双垄沟播、全膜覆土、全膜平铺、起垄膜侧栽培冬油菜，均能不同程度影响冬油菜单株经济性状，提高水分利用效率和越冬率，增加产量，缩短生育期；其中全膜双垄沟播栽培效果最好，水分利用效率比露地栽培（对照）提高3.4 kg·mm^-1·hm^-2，生育期缩短7 d，越冬率提高24.5%，产量达3 194.46 kg·hm^-2，增产42.8%；全膜平铺栽培增产33.9%，全膜覆土栽培增产26.0%,起垄膜侧栽培增产24.8%。

Effects of different film mulching modes on growth, yield and water use efficiency of winter rapeseed in dryland in Tianshui

The experiment was conducted with five treatments, including whole film mulching and double ridge-furrow planting (FM1), whole film mulching and soil covering (FM2), whole film mulching (FM3), film mulching and ridge-side planting (FM4) and traditional cultivation (CK), to investigate the effects of different film mulching modes on the growth period, over-wintering rate, yield, economic traits and water use efficiency of winter rapeseed. The results showed that the modes of FM1, FM2, FM3 and FM4 could affect economic traits, improve water use efficiency and over-wintering rate, increase yield and shorten growth period of winter rapeseed to some extend. Among all the treatments, the mode of FM1 showed the best effects, under which the water use efficiency was increased by 3.4 kg·mm^-1·hm^-2, the growth period was shorten by 7 d, the over-wintering rate was increased by 24.5%, and the yield was raised by 42.8%, as compared to those under CK; under the modes of FM3, FM2 and FM4, the yield were raised by 33.9%, 26.0% and 24.8% respectively.