塔里木河流域水文过程的特点初探

根据1957-2003年塔里木河流域气温、源干流水文资料，对塔里木河流域基本水文过程，山区降水和温度变化、源流区来水情况以及干流区各段水资源消耗进行分析，试图对近50年来塔里木河流域水文过程的特点进行初步分析和讨论。结果显示：塔里木河流域特殊的自然条件造成流域径流的形成区与水资源开发利用区，水资源荒漠平原消耗区相分离，而由于全球气候的变化。山区温度升高和降水增加，源流区径流量大幅增加，其中对干流影响最大的阿克苏河近10年进入特丰来水时期；但是，塔里木河干流来水量并未增加反而呈现微递减的走势，随着干流上游段耗水量的不断增加，塔里木河中下游生态环境明显退化。

Characteristic Analysis on Hydrological Processes of Tarim River Basin

Based on climatic information and hydrologic data of the headstream and mainstream areas of Tarim River, basic hydrological processes of Tarim River basin, changes of precipitation and temperature of mountainous areas, water condition of the headstream areas and water resources consumption in each river reach of the mainstream are analyzed. Characteristics of hydrological process of Tarim River Basin in recent 50 years are analyzed primarily and discussed. The results show that specifically natural condition of Tarim River basin results in forming runoff area, water resources utilization area and water resources consumption area are separate each other. For global climate changes, the temperature and precipitation of mountainous areas are both increasing. Runoff of the headstream areas is increased greatly. The Akesu River, which is the most influencing on the mainstream areas, turns into especially high water period. However, stream flow of the mainstream areas has a decreasing slightly trend. With the increase of water consumption in the upper reaches of Tarim River, ecological environment in middle and lower reaches of Tarim River is degenerated obviously.