栽培管理模式对冬小麦干物质积累、氮素吸收及产量的影响

为给小麦栽培管理提供指导,连续两个小麦生长季在河南省温县通过大田试验研究了农民习惯栽培(T1)、优化管理1(T2)、高产栽培管理(T3)、优化管理2(T4)4种栽培管理模式对冬小麦干物质积累、转运和氮素吸收、分配以及产量的影响。结果表明,与T1相比,T2通过基肥和拔节期追肥2次施肥,提高了干物质快速增长的时间和速率,增加了籽粒中干物质的积累和茎叶氮素向籽粒的转运,提高了穗粒数和粒重,从而达到产量和效率的提高;与T3相比,T4减少了氮磷钾用量,通过提高花后叶片中氮素的转运量和对籽粒的贡献率来增加粒重,在不降低产量的同时提高了养分效率。T3、T4模式与T1、T2模式相比,提高了干物质快速增长的时间和速率以及花后小麦茎叶贮存氮素向籽粒的转运量和对籽粒的贡献率。在本试验条件下,T2模式是目前生产情况下值得推广的优化栽培模式,T4模式是在产量进一步提高,达到高产条件下兼顾高产高效的最优栽培管理模式。

Effects of different cultivation management modes on dry matteraccumulation, nitrogen uptake and yield of winter wheat

The effects of different cultivation management modes on dry matter accumulation, distribution, nitrogen (N) uptake, N use efficiency (NUE) and yield of winter wheat in Henan Province were investigated in a field experiment in Wenxian County in 2009-2011. The experiments aimed to provide theoretical basis for cultivation management mode of winter wheat in the Wenxian region of Henan Province. The four different cultivation management modes used were conventional management (T1, conventional management mode in the region), optimized management mode 1(T2), high-yield management (T3), optimized management mode one the base of T3 (T4). Compared with T1, T2 with fertilizer applications at basal and jointing stages enhanced time and rate of rapid dry matter accumulation, grain dry matter accumulation, stem and leaf N transport to grain and per-ear grain and kernel weight. This resulted in higher output and efficiency. Also compared with T3, T4 reduced fertilizer dose, increased grain weight by improving N translocation amount and contribution rate to grain of leaves after anthesis and maintained grain yield while improving nutrient efficiency. Compared with treatments T1 and T2, T3 and T4 improved rapid dry matter accumulation and N translocation from stem and leaf storage to grain after anthesis. Based on the results, T2 was worthy cultivation mode under the present production management conditions. Treatment T4 was both the high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation management mode under high-yield conditions.