山西省潞安矿区土地生态系统功能区划研究

为了科学地进行潞安矿区复合土地系统生态环境建设,依据潞安矿区土地系统的自然环境因子以及矿业生产等人为因子的分异性,建立矿区土地系统生态环境压力评价指标体系.将潞安矿区土地系统生态环境压力分为自然资源压力A_1、资源消耗压力A_2、环境污染压力A_3与生产规模压力A_4共4大类.研究结果表明,潞安矿区土地系统生态环境总压力为中度压力,其中资源消耗压力A_2>环境污染压力A_3>生产规模压力A_4>自然环境压力A_1.由于各不同的土地单元承受的生态环境压力不同,其外在会表现出不同的土地生态功能.因此,将土地系统按照其所承受的生态环境压力特点分为生产型、保护型、消费型和调合型4种生态功能类型.在GIS平台下通过叠加分析,将潞安矿区划分为土石坡消费区、沉陷地湿地保护区、工矿生态经济调和区、平川耕地生产区4大生态功能区和11琳生态功能类型区,其所占地面积比例分别为6.50%,19.16%,8.77%和65.57%.潞安矿区土地系统生产型和消费型面积过大,而调和型和保护型面积过小,属于一个不合理的利用状态.结合潞安矿区主要环境压力的实际现状,从生态环境保护与"多维生态经济系统"的角度对矿区土地系统提出了相应的治理对策.

Ecology Function Division of Luan Mine Land System in Shanxi Province

In order to constructe the eco-environment of Luan mine land system scitifically, the variances of natural and environmental factor sand artificial factors such as industry and mining production are analyzed and the mine land eco-environment pressure evaluation index system is established. Eco-env ironmental pressure of Luan mine land is divided into four types, e. g., natura-l resources pressure A₁, resource consumption pressure A₂, environmental pollution pressure A₃, and production scale pressure A₄. Results show that the total eco-environmental pressure of Luan mine land system belongs to the moderate pressure and sub-pressures followed a descending order of resource consumption pressure A₂, environmental pollution pressure A₃, production scale pressure A₄, and natura-l resources pressure A₁. Because of different units of land system under different eco-environmental pressures, this may show different land ecological functions. Ther efore, the land system can be divided into production land type, protection land type, consumption land type, and mixed land type, according to the eco-environmental characteristics. Luan mine land is divided into eleven types of ecological function zones and the four regions of earth and rock slope consumption area, subsidence and wet land protect ion area, mine-industry eco-economic area, and Hirakawa arable land production area. Its area ratios are 6.50%, 19.16%, 8.77%, and 65.57%, respectively. The production land and consumption land are oversized and the mixed land and the protect ion area are very small, which indicates that there is an unreasonable use in Luan mine land system. Based on above analysis and Luan mine actual situation, the corresponding countermeasures of mine land system were proposed for eco-environmental protection and mult-i dimensional ecology economical system.