利用葡萄氮代谢基因的表达评价不同氮肥肥效

以‘夏黑’葡萄(Vitis labruscana‘Black Summer’)为试材,选择两个生长关键时期(成花期与转色期),利用半定量RT-PCR和荧光定量PCR技术对5个氮代谢基因(VvGHD、VvNiR、VvNR、VvGS和VvAS)在叶面喷施不同氮肥处理后的表达情况进行分析,并对葡萄新梢增长量、叶面积增长量、落花落果率、果实大小等指标进行统计分析。两个时期叶面喷施不同浓度5种氮肥后,5个基因的表达量整体呈现出增高趋势,因喷施氮肥不同,同一基因在响应强度和时间上存在差异,基因响应强度大、时间长的肥料对葡萄生理性状的提高也较显著。综合基因表达与生理变化两方面验证,得出尿素、硝酸铵对葡萄生长发育所起肥效最好,硝酸钙有助于减少落花落果率,硫酸铵与硝酸钠相对肥效较差。

Evaluation of N Fertilizers Effects Based on the Expression of N Metabolic Genes

In order to study the influence of different types of N fertilizers on grapevine，grapevine cv. ‘Black Summer’（Vitis labruscana）trees were used as experiment materials and fertilizers foliar application trails were conducted in the flowering and veraison stages. The expression of five grapevine N metabolic genes，including VvGHD，VvNiR，VvNR，VvGS and VvAS were analyzed，some physiological traits including the flower and fruit dropping rate，leaves and shoots growth rate，chlorophyll content and the fruit size of grape were also investigated. The results showed that in general，the expression levels of the five N metabolic genes were increased after foliar applied different types of N fertilizers in the two periods. N metabolic genes showed similar expression patterns towards the same type of fertilizer in the two periods，but when foliar applied different types of N fertilizers，their expression patterns changed. Moreover，the N fertilizer which has stronger and longer influence on the N metabolic genes can enhance the physiology traits more dramatically. Given the gene expression levels and the changes of physiology traits，we can conclude that urea and ammonium nitrate have the best effect on grapevine；Calcium nitrate can help to reduce the flower and berry dropping rate；Ammonium sulphate and sodium nitrate have relatively poor effects on grapevine.