CRISPR/Cas9系统及其在作物育种中的应用

基因编辑是一项对目的基因进行修饰的新技术,由成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列(Clustered regularly in-terspaced short palindromic repeats,CRISPR)及其关联蛋白(CRISPR associated,Cas)组成的系统(CRISPR/Cas)为新一代基因编辑技术,其中Cas9蛋白与CRSPR结合形成的编辑系统CRISPR/Cas9因其简单易操作的特性已广泛应用于植物基因组编辑,发展潜力巨大.文章论述了CRISPR/Cas9系统的作用原理、发展历程及在植物基因组中的定点编辑效应,并分析CRISPR/Cas9在水稻、小麦、玉米等作物育种中的应用现状,发现其在改良水稻产量和质量相关性状、小麦白粉病抗性及玉米乙烯敏感等性状上效果明显.在今后的研究中,应针对不同作物的育种目标,深入了解目标基因的功能作用来设计相应的操作方案,并提高该系统对作物目的基因改良的效率,加强其安全性等,以促进基因编辑在作物育种中的应用,加快育种进程.

CRISPR/Cas9 system and its application in crop breeding

Gene editing is a new technology that can modifies targeted genes.The new gene editing technology (CRISPR/Cas)is made up of clustered regularly interspaced short alindromic repeats(CRISPR)and associated proteins (CRISPR associated,Cas).One editing system which consists of protein Cas9 and CRSPR is widely used in plant genome editing due to its easy operation.Hence,it embodies huge potential.This review introduced the function principle,deve-lopment process of CRISPR/Cas9 system,and its effect of site-specific modification in plant genome.The application of CRISPR/Cas9 in crop breeding,especially in rice,wheat and maize was analyzed,and the results showed that its effects in improving traits related to yield and quality of rice,powdery mildew resistance of wheat and ethylene sensitivity of maize.In the future study,the researchers should design the corresponding operation schemes according to the breeding goal and in-depth understanding of functions of the target genes;improve the system efficiency towards target genes,strengthen the system security to promote the application of gene editing in crop breeding and accelerate breeding process.