美洲鲥形态特征及其两种同工酶的组织特异性分析

目的]从形态特征和生化遗传层面丰富美洲鲥种质资源研究内容,同时为筛选出鉴定美洲鲥种质的生化遗传标记打下基础.方法]通过形态测量获取美洲鲥的可数性状和可量性状,并采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳对美洲鲥6种组织(心脏、眼睛、肌肉、肝脏、肾脏和鳃)的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)进行检测分析.结果]美洲鲥体侧扁,呈纺锤形,背、腹缘呈浅弧形,背部灰黑色,略带蓝绿色金属光泽,体侧和腹部均为银白色;其鳍式为背鳍D.iii-13~15,胸鳍P.i-14~17,腹鳍V.i-7~9,臀鳍A.i~ii-16~20,尾鳍C.21~25.美洲鲥鳃耙近7字形,左侧第一鳃弓外侧鳃耙数24~37+47~64.LDH和MDH在美洲鲥心脏、眼睛晶状体、肌肉、肝脏、肾脏和鳃组织中的酶带数目及其活性各不相同,呈明显的组织特异性,且美洲鲥个体间也存在差异.结论]美洲鲥同工酶表达的组织特异性受遗传基因调控,同时与各器官组织的生化代谢活动相关.实际生产中,建议选取鳃LDH作为鉴定美洲鲥种质的生化遗传标记.

Morphological characteristics of Alosa sapidissima and tissue specificity of two kinds of isozymes in it

Objective]This paper was to enrich the studies about Alosa sapidissima gerplasm resources from the per-spectives of morphological characteristics and biochemical genetics characteristics,and lay the foundation for screening the biochemical genetic markers that could identify A.sapidissima gerplasm resources.Method]Countable traits and mea-surable traits of A.sapidissima were determined by morphometry.By using vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and malate dehydrogenase(MDH)from six tissues(heart,eye,muscle,liver,kidney and gill)of A.sapidissima were detected and analyzed.Result]A.sapidissima had a flat fusiform body.Its back and abdomen were shallow arc.And the back were grey and dark,with slight blue-green metallic luster.Both sides of the body and the abdomen were silver white.The fin formulas of A.sapidissima included dorsal fin D.iii-13-15,pectoral fin P.i-14-17,anal fin A.i-ii-16-20,ventral fin V.i-7-9 and caudal fin C.21-25.The morphology of the gill racker was in 7-shape and the num-ber of outer gill racker on the left first gill arch was 24-37+47-64.The isoenzyme band numbers and activity of LDH and MDH from heart,eye,muscle,liver,kidney and gill of A.sapidissima presented tissue specificity and individual varia-tions.Conclusion]The tissue specificity of A.sapidissima isozymes is regulated and controlled by genetic genes,mean-while it is related to the biochemical metabolism activities of the tissues.It is suggested to choose LDH from gill as bio-chemical genetic markers in A.sapidissima gerplasm identification.