糯玉米主要性状环境稳定性分析

[目的]探究糯玉米品种主要农艺性状的环境稳定性,为糯玉米品种的选育及推广应用提供理论参考.[方法]以江苏省两个典型的糯玉米品种(苏玉糯5号和连花糯2号)为材料,测定其在不同年份、不同试点的生育期、产量性状、植株性状、果穗性状、抗病性和品质性状,并对其环境稳定性进行分析.[结果]品种效应、年份效应、年份×地点互作效应、年份×品种互作效应和地点×品种×年份互作效应极显著影响鲜穗产量(P<0.01,下同).不同试点两个参试品种的平均鲜穗产量从高到低排序为:连云港>吴江>丹阳>泰兴>淮安>东台>海门>南京.连花糯2号不同试点的平均鲜穗产量(12927.31 kg/ha)比苏玉糯5号(10680.53 kg/ha)极显著增产21.04%,表明连花糯2号丰产性优于苏玉糯5号.但苏玉糯5号稳产性(变异系数3.74%)略优于连花糯2号(变异系数5.10%).糯玉米柔嫩性、株高、穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、鲜出籽率、生育期、茎腐病抗性和大斑病抗性等性状的环境稳定性较好,但皮渣率、穗位高、空秆率、倒伏率、秃尖长、千粒重、纹枯病抗性和粗缩病抗性等性状的环境稳定性较差.[结论]不同年份间的气候差异是影响糯玉米鲜穗产量的主要外在因素,且穗部性状中的秃尖长和千粒重可能是影响鲜穗产量的主要内在因素,可将其作为糯玉米稳产性、广适性育种的重要指标,并兼顾区域化育种.

Environmental stability of main traits in waxy corn

[Objective]The environmental stability of main agronomic characters in waxy corn was studied to provide theory reference for the selection,breeding and promotion of waxy corn varieties.[Method]Two typical waxy corn varie-ties in Jiangsu Province(Suyunuo 5 and Lianhuanuo 2)were selected as experimental materials.The growth period,yield traits,plant traits,ear traits,disease resistance and quality traits at different experimental sites and in different years were determined,and environmental stability was analzyed.[Result]The variety effects,year effects,year×location interac-tion effects,year×variety interaction effects,location×variety×year interaction effects extremely significantly influenced fresh ear yield(P<0.01,the same below).The average fresh ear yield of two experimental varieties at different experimen-tal sites were ranged from the highest to the lowest:Lianyungang>Wujiang>Danyang>Taixing>Huaian>Dongtai>Haimen>Nanjing.The average fresh ear yield of Lianhuanuo 2(12927.31 kg/ha)was 21.04% more than that of Suyunuo 5(10680.53 kg/ha),and the difference reached extremely significant level.It indicated that the Lianhuanuo 2 had higher yield than Suyunuo 5.Yield stability of Suyunuo 5(variation coefficient was 3.74%)was superior than that of Lianhuanuo 2(variable coefficient was 5.10%).Environmental stabilities for traits of waxy corn such as flexicity,plant height,ear length,ear dia-meter,ear row number,kernel seed per row,fresh seed yield rate,growth period,stalk rot resistances and leaf blight resistance were good,while environmental stabilities for traits such as residue rate,ear height,bare plant percentage, lodging rate,bare top length,thousand kernel weight,sheath blight resistance and rough dwarf resistance were bad.[Conclusion]The climate difference among different years is the main external factor affecting fresh ear yield of waxy corn,and bare top length and thousand kernel weight may be the main intrinsic factor affecting fresh ear yield.It can be used as an important index for yielding ability and wide adaptability of waxy corn breeding.At the same time,regionali-zation breeding should be paid the same attention to.