不同花生品种(系)磷素吸收及利用特性

[目的]明确不同花生品种(系)的磷素利用效率差异及其与产量等的相互关系,为花生节磷栽培及磷高效品种选育提供参考依据.[方法]以不同省份的34个花生品种(系)为供试材料,在山东莱西和招远两试验基地进行花生春播大田试验,收获期分别取样测定营养体和生殖体的磷含量,计算磷素累积及分配等相关指标,并分析各指标与产量间的相互关系.[结果]不同花生品种(系)各器官磷含量及累积量均存在显著差异(P<0.05,下同),营养体磷含量和累积量平均值均低于生殖体,但两指标变异幅度营养体均高于生殖体.其中莱西基地营养体和生殖体磷含量分别为2.07~4.06和6.62~9.08 g/kg,磷累积量分别为3.9~17.6和24.4~57.6 kg/ha,招远基地营养体和生殖体磷含量分别为1.72~3.38和6.33~8.58 g/kg,磷累积量分别为5.6~16.0和33.7~50.7 kg/ha.不同花生品种(系)间的磷素利用效率及收获指数存在显著差异,其中莱西基地分别为78.2~119.4 kg/kg和0.626~0.908,招远基地分别为88.3~134.0 kg/kg和0.678~0.890,两指标变异幅度相对较小.不同花生品种(系)荚果产量莱西基地为3088.4~6593.5 kg/ha,招远基地为4735.2~6723.9 kg/ha.相关性分析结果表明,花生产量与磷素利用效率、磷收获指数、整株磷累积量及磷分配系数呈极显著正相关(P<0.01,下同);磷素利用效率与磷收获指数和分配系数呈极显著正相关,与整株磷含量呈极显著负相关.[结论]不同花生品种(系)磷素累积、分配、利用特性及产量等相关指标均存在显著差异.适当增加生物产量、控制磷含量、提高磷向荚果分配比例是协同提高花生产量和磷效率的有效途径.其中天府20等10个品种(系)的生物产量较高、磷含量适中,且磷素在荚果中分配比例较高,为高产磷高效品种(系).

Phosphorus uptake and utilization characteristics of different peanut varieties(lines)

[Objective]Difference of phosphorus(P)use efficiency and its correlation with yield for different peanut varieties were studied to provide reference for P fertilizer-saving cultivation and high P efficiency peanut variety breeding.[Method]Spring peanut sowing field experiments were conducted in Laixi and Zhaoyuan cities in Shandong.Nutritive or-gans and reproductive organs of 34 peanut varieties(lines)bred in different provinces were sampled to determine P con-tents in them,calculate relate indexes of P accumulation and distribution,and analyze the correlation among yield with each index.[Result]Significant difference was found in P contents and accumulation in different organs among various peanut varieties(lines)(P<0.05,the same below).Average values for both P content and accumulation in nutritive organs were lower than those in reproductive organs.However,the variation ranges of P content and accumulation in vegetative organs were larger than those of reproductive organs.In Laixi experimental site,P content in nutritive organs was 2.07-4.06 g/kg,and 6.62-9.08 g/kg in reproductive organs,and P accumulations was 3.9-17.6 kg/ha for nutritive organs and 24.4-57.6 kg/ha for reproductive organs.In Zhaoyuan experimental site,P contents of vegetative organs and reproductive organs were 1.72-3.38 g/kg and 6.33-8.58 g/kg respectively,and P accumulations of the both organs were 5.6-16.0 kg/ha and 33.7-50.7 kg/ha respectively.There was significant difference in P use efficiency and harvest index among different tested peanut varieties(lines). P use efficiency and harvest index in Laixi experiment site were 78.2-119.4 kg/kg and 0.626-0.908 respectively,and the two indexes in Zhaoyuan experiment site were 88.3-134.0 kg/kg and 0.678-0.890 re-spectively.The variation range of the two indexes were small.Pod yields of different peanut varieties(lines)in Laixi and Zhaoyuan experiment sites were 3088.4-6593.5 kg/ha and 4735.2-6723.9 kg/ha respectively.Results of correlation analysis showed that,peanut yield had extremely significant positive correlations with P use efficiency,P harvest index,P accu-mulation of whole plant and P distribution coefficient(P<0.01,the same below).P use efficiency had extremely signifi-cant positive correlations with P harvest index and P distribution coefficient,but it had extremely significant negative correlation with P content of whole plant.[Conclusion]There is significant difference in P accumulation,distribution,uti-lization characteristics and pod yield among different peanut varieties(lines).Appropriately increasing biomass yield,con-trolling P content and improving P distributive proportion of pod is efficient path for increasing both high yield and high P efficiency of peanut.Ten varieties(lines)including TF 20 are classified into high yield and high P efficiency type.These varieties have high biomass yield,moderate P content and large P distributive proportion in pod.