重金属铜对植物毒害机理的研究现状及展望

铜是植物正常生长发育所必需的微量营养元素,随着铜用途的扩大及用量的增加,含铜污染物的排放量逐渐增多,导致植物中铜含量超标,已严重影响到人类健康和生态系统稳定.文章综述了国内外关于铜对植物生长、细胞膜系统、抗氧化物酶系统、光合作用、矿质营养吸收和运输等生理响应等方面的研究进展,指出目前关于铜对植物毒害的研究主要集中在植物的耐铜阈值、毒害生理机理和植物对铜的解毒效应等方面,并提出今后应从拓宽植物研究种类、铜胁迫差异蛋白和基因表达鉴定及维持细胞内稳态的重金属转运体的鉴定等方面进行深入研究,为揭示铜对植物的毒害机理提供依据.

Toxicity mechanism of heavy metal copper to plants:A review

Copper is an essential micronutrient for normal growth and development of plant.As copper was used more widely and the dosage increased,emissions of pollutants containing copper gradually increased,leading to excess copper content in plants.This has seriously affected human health and ecosystem stability.The latest research progress at home and abroad was reviewed in this paper on effects of copper on plant growth,cell membrane system,antioxidant en-zyme system,photosynthesis,mineral nutrition absorption and transportation mechanism.The current research on phyto-toxicity caused by copper mainly focused on copper resistance threshold,phytotoxicity physiological mechanism,detoxi-fication effects of plants to copper,etc.Further study should be conducted from the following perspectives:broadening the species of plants,copper stress differential proteins and gene expression identification,identification of heavy metal transport that maintaining cellular homeostasis.These efforts would provide reference for the researches in toxicity mecha-nism of copper to plants.