基于GAM模型的太湖退捕渔民生活幸福感影响因素分析

近年来,人民生活幸福指数成为了政府工作报告中的关键词,关注“生活幸福指数”既是“以人为本”科学发展观的体现,也是经济与社会和谐发展的内在要求。本研究采用问卷走访的方式,以江苏省泰州市靖江区、无锡市江阴县、常州武进区、无锡宜兴市、苏州吴中区、苏州吴江区6区县的150名退捕渔民为研究对象,分析当地退捕渔民生活幸福感现状及其影响因素,通过建立广义可加模型（Generalized additive model, GAM）以及生活幸福指数量表分析影响退捕渔民生活幸福感的影响因子。研究发现健康的身体状况、稳定的生活模式、不断增加的家庭支出、良好的居住环境、更高的受教育程度是使渔民对生活感到满意的主要因素,不健康的身体状况、不稳定的生活模式、拥有一定积蓄后缺乏长远金钱规划意识和合理掌控消费支出的能力、两个以上独立生活子女数量是导致渔民对生活感到不满意的主要因素。政府可通过适当放宽安置房条件、新增就业、开展精神文明建设、常见疾病预防知识培训、新建公共活动设施等措施提升退捕渔民生活幸福指数。

Analysis of influencing factors of life happiness of affected fishermen in Taihu Lake based on GAM model

In recent years, the people''s life happiness index has become the key word in the government work report. Paying attention to the "life happiness index" is not only the embodiment of the "people-oriented" scientific development concept, but also the internal requirement of the harmonious development of economy and society. By means of questionnaire interview, 150 affected fishermen from Jingjiang District of Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, Jiangyin County of Wuxi, Wujin District of Changzhou, Yixing District of Wuxi, Wuzhong District of Suzhou and Wujiang District of Suzhou were selected as the research objects to analyze the current situation of life happiness of local affected fishermen and its influencing factors. The Generalized additive model (GAM) and life happiness index scale were built to analyze the factors affecting the happiness of life of affected fishermen. The study found that healthy physical condition, stable living pattern, increasing household expenditure, good living environment and higher education level were the main factors that made fishermen satisfied with their lives. Unhealthy physical condition, unstable life pattern, lack of long-term money planning awareness and reasonable control of consumption expenditure after having a certain amount of savings, and the number of two or more children living independently are the main factors that lead to fishermen''s dissatisfaction with life. The government can improve the life happiness index of affected fishermen by relaxing housing conditions, creating new jobs, carrying out spiritual civilization construction, training on the prevention of common diseases, building new public activity facilities and other measures.