Identification of metoclopramide metabolites in the urine of cattle by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection |
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Authors: | R. D. Jones C. D. Blanton Jr. J. M. Bowen |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 30602 Athens, GA, USA;(2) Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, 30602 Athens, GA, USA;(3) Present address: Agriculture Division, Toxicology, Miles Inc., 17745 S. Metcalf Ave., 66085-9104 Stilwell, KS, USA |
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Abstract: | The urinary metabolites of metoclopramide (4-amino-5-chloro-N-[2-diethylaminoethyl]-2-methoxybenzamide) were identified in cows. The drug was administered intravenously, voided urine was collected, and individual urine extracts were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection. The parent compound and one major metabolite (4-amino-5-chloro-N-[2-(ethylamino)ethyl]-2-methoxybenzamide) were common to all individuals. In addition to the parent and major metabolite, a second, minor metabolite was identified in two cows as 4-amino-5-chloro-N-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-2-hydroxybenzamide. The identity of the minor metabolite was confirmed by comparison with a standard synthesized by a new method. Metabolite identification and characterization in food animal species allows the design of safety and environmental impact studies and relative metabolite ratios between dose treatment groups.Abbreviations 1H-NMR proton nuclear magnetic resonance - RT retention time - D1 dopamine-1 - D2 dopamine-2 - 5-HT3 5-hydroxytryptamine - GC-MS gas chromatography-mass spectrometry - HPLC high-performance liquid chromatography - UV-vis ultraviolet-visible - ID internal diameter - m/z mass/charge ratio |
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Keywords: | cattle chromatography gas chromatography HPLC mass spectrometry metabolite metoclopramide urine |
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