栽培方式与土壤水分对黄瓜产量、品质及水分利用效率的影响

以津春四号黄瓜为试验材料,研究了不同栽培方式﹝日光温室(G),遮雨棚(S)﹞及土壤水分条件﹝土壤含水率分别为田间持水量的60%~70%(W1)和90%~100%(W2)﹞对黄瓜产量、品质和水分利用效率(WUE)的影响。结果表明:(1)低水条件下,植株根冠比较大,但生物量、产量较低。耗水量随土壤含水率上升而增加,含水率较低的土壤有利于WUE提高幅度较大;日光温室内植株根冠比较小,生物量和产量高于遮雨棚;(2)较低的土壤含水率利于果实品质提高,其维生素C(Vc)、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质和可溶性固形物含量较高;遮雨棚内黄瓜营养品质优于日光温室内的黄瓜。

Effects of Cultivation Modes and Soil Moisture on Yield and Quality of Cucumber and Its Water Use Efficiency

The experiment was performed with the two cultivation modes of solar greenhouse(G) and rain protection shed(S) in two soil moisture levels(soil relative water contents of 60%~70% and 90%~100%). The No.4 Jinchun cucumber was selected to investigate the effects of cultivation modes and soil moisture on yield and quality of cucumber and its water use efficiency. Results showed that: (1) Water consumption increased with increasing soil moisture content. Lower soil moisture was helpful for improving water use efficiency(WUE). Under lower soil moisture, the root-shoot ratio was higher, but plant biomass and crop yields were lower. The root-shoot ratio in solar greenhouse was lower. Plant biomass and crop yield in solar greenhouse were higher than those in rain protection shed. (2) Lower soil moisture was beneficial to improving cucumber quality, and vitamin C(V_c), soluble sugar, protein content and soluble solid content were higher. As for the nutrition quality, rain protection shed gave a better quality than solar greenhouse.