2010年汾河流域土地退化经济损失评估

土地退化是汾河流域严重的生态环境问题,直接关系到全流域社会经济的可持续发展。以实地调查为基础,结合已有的文献资料和汾河流域环境特征,运用生态经济损益核算方法,分析了汾河流域土地退化状况和变化趋势,估算了2010年汾河流域土地退化的经济损失。结果表明:(1)2010年汾河流域土地退化的经济损失高达3.83×109元,其中水土流失的经济损失最大(占61.79%),为2.37×109元,沙漠化、盐渍化的经济损失分别为2.31×108和1.23×109元。(2)2010年汾河流域土地退化的经济损失约占全流域GDP的0.77%(上游占1.45%),上游地区是土地退化的重点治理区;占第一产业产值的14.58%,影响着流域可持续发展能力;土地退化的经济损失人均负荷值为290.08元/人,制约着流域人民的脱贫致富,因此,应加强对土地退化的治理。

Evaluation of Economic Loss by Land Degradation in Fenhe River Basin in 2010

Land degradation is one of serious ecological and environmental problems, and it directly affects the sustainable socioeconomic development of the Fenhe River basin. Based on the recent field data combined with related research literatures and basin environment characteristics, by means of ecological economic loss assessment methods, the paper studied the status and dynamic changes of land degradation in the Fenhe River basin, and accounted the economic loss of land degradation in 2010. The study showed that: (1) The economic loss by land degradation in the basin was up to 3.83×10⁹ yuan in 2010. The economic loss by soil and water loss was the most serious(accounted for 61.79%), which was equal to 2.37×10⁹ yuan. The economic losses by aeolian desertification and salinization were 2.31×10⁸ and 1.23×10⁹ yuan, respectively.(2) The economic loss by land degradation reached 0.77% of GDP in the basin. The upper reaches of the Fenhe River (accounted for 1.45%) were the key rehabilitation region. The economic loss by land degradation was equal to 14.58% of primary industry, which has affected the sustainable socioeconomic development of the basin. Economic loss of land degradation per capita in the Fenhe River basin was about 290.08 yuan, which restricted people's poverty relief, so control of land degradation should be strengthened.