RS和GIS技术在沈阳市火灾监测中的应用研究

卫星遥感技术在火情监测中具有监测面积大、速度快、成本低，且可长期动态监测等优势。笔者将RS和GIS技术有机结合，进行沈阳地区火情卫星遥感监测技术研究。基于火点像元背景亮温差异进行计算机自动判识，综合火点发生特点和下垫面情况进行人机交互修正火点判识阈值，利用地理信息数据进行火点精确定位，获取火点所在乡镇乃至村信息、像元个数以及土地利用情况。通过与实际火点资料对比分析，火点判识结果较理想。在2014年秋季和2015年春季火情遥感监测期间成效较好，为政府相关部门防火、救火等决策提供相应参考依据。

Application of RS and GIS in Fire Disaster Monitoring in Shenyang

Remote sensing technology is an effective way to continually, rapidly and dynamically monitor the large-scale fire. Based on RS and GIS, the authors studied the application of satellite remote sensing technology in fire monitoring in Shenyang. According to the difference between the background pixel radiation and fire point pixel radiation, fire spot could be discerned automatically and corrected artificially by adjustment of fire monitoring threshold based on the character and underlying surface of the fire spot. Based on geographical information data, the authors attained not only geography position of the fire spot, but also the surrounding geography information, pixel numbers and land use types. By contrasting analysis of the satellite monitored fire spot data and actual fire spot data, the fire monitoring method achieved good effect. The method was utilized in fire monitoring in Shenyang in the autumn of 2014 and the spring of 2015, and provided an important scientific basis for the government to make decisions in forest-fire prevention and fire-fighting.