福建柯木类木材结构特征及其对干燥的影响

福建柯木类中的米槠、苦槠、红锥、高山锥和格氏栲的细胞构造具有共同特点。五种木材随着密度的增加导管细胞壁平均厚度变化不大,导管平均长度呈递增趋势。早晚材管孔的大小差异大,早晚材急变,导管的长度与孔径比值大;管孔的排列呈火焰状离散型,木射线宽窄不一,多数呈宽或较宽。导管的弦向直径与水分流密度呈正相关,导管长度越长,则水分传输性能越差,即径向干缩变化远小于弦向造成导管的收缩和扭曲,从而带来导管破裂,最终导致木材干燥缺陷。在木材干燥中这些特征造成木材内部温度梯度(t)/(x)或含水率梯度(w)/(x)显著增大时,对木材干燥速率有影响的水分流密度I_1值发生相应变化,只是变化值远小于木材表面向介质传递的水蒸汽量I_2,即I_1I_2。此现象更容易形成内外水分梯度差异,从而产生内应力,导致木材开裂翘曲和皱缩。此外,由于米槠等其早晚材导管的大小差异大,以及拥有宽窄不同的木射线,造成水份传导不均匀也影响木材干燥质量。

Structure of Castanopsis Wood and Its Influence on Wood Drying

The structures of some species of Fujian hard wood such as Castanopsis carlesii Hag,C.sclerophylla Schott,C.hysfrix A.DC,C.delavayi Franch and C.fargesii Franch have common features:the average thickness of the cell wall of vessel has no obvious change,but the average length of vessel increases gradually along with wood density increase;sudden change from spring wood to fall wood appears and there is a big difference between pore diameter of spring wood and that of fall wood;the ratio of vessel length to it...