10个木兰科树种北移引种试验初报

对10种木兰科树种进行北移引种试验,比较不同树种在我国北亚热带和暖温带过渡地区河南省西南部的适应性及引种潜力。采用1～2 a生容器苗和地栽苗移栽,按常规水肥管理,并观测苗期在极端气候条件下的旱害和冻害等适应性状指标。结果表明,除观光木外,其余都能适应河南西南部的气候条件,生长基本正常,部分树种已开花结果。在-3℃～-4℃气温下,观光木受冻率达100%,冻害指数为V级,苗木地上部分冻死。1年生红花木莲,由于苗较小,受冻率为5%～30%,冻害指数I～II级,部分叶片受害。在持续秋旱60天的极端干旱气候条件下,采用每天人工早晚浇水一次,引种成活的9种木兰科植物均具有较强的抗旱适应性,受害率不到1%,仅有极少数植株发生枯梢受害。

Preliminary Report on the Northward Introduction Experiment of 10 Species Trees of Magnoliaceae

Northward introduction experiment of 10 species trees of Magnoliaceae was conducted,comparing the adaptability and the introduction potentiality in different tree species in Southwest of Henan Province,located in transition regions of north subtropical zone to warm temperate zone of China.One and two-year-old container-seedlings or field-seedlings were transplanted,according to the conventional water and fertilizer management,the adaptability indicators of extreme weather conditions such as drought and frost damage were observed in the seedlings stage.Except Tsoongiodendron odorum,other tree species were able to adapt the climate conditions in the southwest of Henan Province,exhibiting a basically normal growth with blossom and bearing in some species.At the temperature of-3℃～-4 ℃,T.odorum had a 100% frostbite rate with the freezing injury index of V and plants overground were frozen to death.Manglietia insignis,whose leaves were partially frozen because of too young,showed 5% ～30% frostbite rate with its freezing injury index of I～II.In the 60-day Autumn continuing extreme drought conditions,artificial watering was used sooner or later everyday,9 survival introduced plants of Magnoliaceae have higher drought resistance,the rate of the victims was less than 1%,only a very dieback occurred in a small number of plants affected.