不同小麦基因型耐铝性的差异及筛选方法的研究

采用了大体积溶液培养法、培养皿快速鉴定法和小盆钵土培筛选法对小麦基因型进行了耐铝性筛选。供试的 24个小麦基因型的耐铝性存在极显著的差异。所采用的各项筛选指标间呈极显著的正相关 ,且都能不同程度地区分基因型间的耐铝性差异。其中相对根长的SD、CV及分布范围最大 ,可以灵敏、可靠地反映不同基因型的耐铝性差异 ;其次是相对根系干重 ;相对株高和相对地上部干重的SD、CV及分布范围较小 ,反映基因型间耐铝性差异的灵敏度较低。 3种筛选方法能克服传统筛选方法如小体积溶液培养、土培和田间试验的繁琐、费时和筛选效率低等缺点 ,具有快速简便 ,一次可筛选较多样本 ,且条件易于控制等优点 ,大大地提高了筛选的可靠性和筛选效率。

Differences of aluminum tolerance on wheat genotypes and its screening techniques

Large-volume solution culture, rapid screening with soil in petridishes and small-pot soil test were used to screen for aluminum tolerance on wheat. Of the tested 24 wheat genotypes, there were significant differences of aluminum tolerance. Significant correlation was observed among screening criteria in wheat genotypes by three screening methods employed. In the tested parameters, relative root length (RRL) had the greatest variation, relative root weight (RRW) the second, and relative shoot length (RSL) and relative shoot weight (RSW) the last within wheat genotypes indicated by standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV) and distribution of data. These results implied that RRL and RRW could be sensitive and reliable screening criteria for differentiating aluminum tolerance in wheat genotypes, whereas RSL and RSW might be lower sensitive and reliable selection criteria. The three screening techniques developed in this study are superior to the conventional methods such as small- volume solution culture, pot experiment and field experiment which could be hardly used in the screening for a large number of genotypes because of their time and labor consumption. These three techniques are characterized by their convenience for operation, easy control of conditions, reliability and high screening effiency for a large number of genotypes in term of time and labor costs.