紫花苜蓿航天诱变田间形态学变异研究

航天诱变育种是以高科技返回式卫星为背景的新型育种方法,以搭载于我国“神舟三号”飞船的4个紫花苜蓿材料:德宝、德福、阿尔冈金、三得利,种植而成的当代(SP₁)试验材料为研究对象。连续观测记载,初步确定了突变类型和单株,并进行了集团分类,大致分为以下7种类型:多叶单株(6株)、大叶单株(11株)、速生单株(14株)、白花突变单株(1株)、抗病单株(7株)、早熟单株(7株)和矮生、分蘖性强单株(2株),所选单株已分别挂牌标记。不同品种经航天诱变表现出不同的突变类型,德宝、德福以生长速度较为显著、三得利以多叶变异较为显著、德福以叶面积增大较为显著,可见航天诱变并非盲目、无规律变异,而与品种自身特性相关联,同时变异材料的遗传稳定性有必要下一步在分子标记和后续世代田间继续观测中进行确认。

Morphological variation of space mutation in alfalfas

Placing crop seeds in recoverable satellites to induce novel variety has become an important technique for space mutation breeding. The effects of space mutation on contemporary (SP₁) test materials of four alfalfas were tested in the spacecraft ‘ShenZhou No.3’. Four alfalfa contemporary test materials were planted in Lanzhou and after two years field observation we found 7 types of mutation variation such as multifoliator plants (6), big area plants (11), fast-growing plants (14), a white flowered plant (1), disease resistance plants (7), quick growing plants (7), and dwarfing-strong branch plants (2). As far as the rules of heredity and variation are concerned, different types of mutation were expressed in the different breeds and varieties. The mutations were not random and irregular variations were associated with the varieties own characteristics. Confirmation of the genetic stability of the variations is a necessary next step in the generation of molecular markers and observations in the field.