碳中和背景下统筹土地利用碳收支的广东省横向碳补偿

目的] 碳补偿机制是实现双碳目标和社会环境公平的重要途经。方法] 在测算2010—2020年碳收支基础上,建立碳补偿模型核算碳补偿空间转移额度。结果] (1)研究期间全省碳排放总量年平均递增率为2.51%,除佛山、东莞、清远外其余城市的碳排放均不同程度增加,空间上呈现以广州为中心的"核心-外围"的格局。广东省2010—2020年碳吸收总量呈现缓慢下降趋势,空间格局趋于稳定,总体呈现北高南低的特点。(2)研究期间碳补偿支付区范围变大,面积占比由55.22%扩大至60.49 %,支付区主要分布净碳排放较多的惠州及净碳排放少但碳排放效率低的云浮、阳江等,受偿区主要分为2类,一类是净碳排放量少的河源、汕尾等地;另一类是碳排放多但碳排放效率高的深圳、广州、东莞等。(3)惠州需支付碳补偿额度居于首位,深圳获得碳补偿额度最多,各市跨区域碳补偿额度占区域GDP的比例在0.017%~0.095%波动,跨区域碳补偿具有可操作性。结论] 为实现广东省区域间的低碳协同发展,未来应建立以政府为主导的区域横向碳补偿制度,并实施以低碳为导向的差异化的低碳优化策略,这对区域协调和低碳发展具有重要的现实意义。

Horizontal Carbon Compensation in Guangdong Province Based on Coordinating Land Use Carbon Budget Under the Background of Carbon Neutrality

Objective] The carbon compensation mechanism is an important way to promote the achievement of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals and social environment equity. Methods] This study established the carbon compensation model to calculate the amount of spatial transfer carbon compensation based on the calculation of the carbon budget from 2010 to 2020. Results] (1) During the study period, the average annual incremental rate of total carbon emissions was 2.51%, with the remaining cities except Foshan, Dongguan and Qingyuan increasing to varying degrees, presenting a spatial pattern of "core-periphery" centered around Guangzhou. From 2010 to 2020, the total carbon absorption showed a slow downward trend, and the spatial pattern tended to be stable with a general characteristic of high in the northern and low in the southern. (2) The carbon compensation payment area became larger during the study period, the proportion of area increased from 55.22% to 60.49%. The payment regions were mainly distributed in Huizhou, which had higher net carbon emissions, and Yunfu and Yangjiang, which had lower net carbon emissions but lower carbon emission efficiency. The compensated areas were mainly divided into two types, one type exhibited low net carbon emissions, e.g., Heyuan and Shanwei, and the other type was of high carbon emissions but high carbon emission efficiency, such as Shenzhen, Guangzhou and Dongguan. (3) Huizhou ranked the first of the compensation amounts to be paid, while Shenzhen received the largest amount of carbon compensation. The proportion of cross regional carbon compensation amounts to the regional GDP of each city varied from 0.017% to 0.095%, indicating that cross regional carbon compensation was feasible. Conclusion] In order to achieve the low-carbon collaborative development of Guangdong province, it is needed to establish carbon compensation system guided by the government in the future and implement the low-carbon-oriented regional differentiation low-carbon optimization strategy. The above has important practical significance for regional coordination and low-carbon development.