不同灌水量和栽培方式对土壤养分及菊芋产量和品质的影响

于2021—2022年开展大田裂区试验，以灌水量为主区，3个灌水量分别为3 750 m³·hm^-2（W1）、4 500 m³·hm^-2（W2）、5 250 m³·hm^-2（W3），栽培方式为副区，2种方式分别为垄作（B1）、平作（B2），探索不同灌水量和栽培方式对河西荒漠化地区菊芋产量、品质和土壤养分含量的影响。结果表明，随着灌水量的增大，0~20 cm土层土壤全氮、碱解氮、总磷、有效磷含量呈下降趋势，而速效钾含量先上升后下降，其中W2B1处理表现最佳；W2B1处理菊芋株高、茎粗、单株块茎数、单株块茎质量和产量均高于其他处理，增幅分别为1.94%~19.79%、2.71%~28.87%、8.22%~31.68%、12.22%~57.81%和12.31%~58.01%。W1B1处理菊芋块茎总糖、还原糖、可溶性糖和菊糖含量均高于其他处理，增幅分别为7.25%~18.19%、1.35%~6.19%、4.20%~39.67%和7.58%~19.10%。菊糖含量表现为W1B1>W2B1>W2B2>W1B2>W3B2>W3B1，灌水量增大不利于菊糖在块茎中积累；相同灌水定额下，垄作方式比平作更有利于块茎菊糖积累。通过主成分分析综合评价不同处理对菊芋产量和品质以及土壤养分含量的影响发现，灌水量4 500 m³·hm^-2配合垄作方式效果最佳，灌水量5 250 m³·hm^-2配合平作方式效果最差。

Effects of different irrigation amounts and cultivation methods on soil nutrients, yield and quality of Jerusalem artichoke

The field split zone experiments were conduct from 2021 to 2022. The three irrigation amounts were 3 750 m³·hm^-2, 4 500 m³·hm^-2(W2), and 5 250 m³·hm^-2 (W3), respectively. The cultivation methods were ridge planting (B1) and flat planting (B2). The effects of different irrigation amounts and cultivation methods on the yield, quality, and soil nutrient content of Jerusalem artichoke in the desertification area of Hexi were studied. The results showed that with the increase of irrigation amount, the content of total nitrogen, avaiable nitrogen, total phosphorus, and available phosphorus in the 0~20 cm soil layer showed a downward trend while the content of available potassium first increased and then decreased. The W2B1 treatment performed the best. The plant height, stem diameter, number of tubers per plant, tuber mass per plant, and yield of Jerusalem artichoke treated with W2B1 were higher than other treatments, with increases of 1.94%~19.79%, 2.71%~28.87%, 8.22%~31.68%, 12.22%~57.81%, and 12.31%~58.01%, respectively. The total sugar, reducing sugar, soluble sugar, and inulin content of Jerusalem artichoke treated with W1B1 were higher than those of other treatments, with increases of 7.25%~18.19%, 1.35%~6.19%, 4.20%~39.67%, and 7.58%~19.10%, respectively. The inulin content is in the order of W1B1>W2B1>W2B2>W1B2>W3B2>W3B1. The results suggested that increasing irrigation was not conducive to the accumulation of inulin content in tubers. Under the same irrigation quota, ridge cultivation was more conducive to the accumulation of inulin in tubers than flat cultivation. Through principal component analysis, the comprehensive evaluation of the effects of different treatments on the yield and quality of Jerusalem artichoke as well as soil nutrient content showed that the combination of 4 500 m³·hm^-2 irrigation with ridge planting had the best effect, while the combination of 5 250 m³·hm^-2 irrigation with flat planting had the worst effect.