土壤调理剂界面改性对黄灌区盐碱离子迁移特性的影响

目的] 通过调理剂进行亲水和疏水处理，探究调理剂不同界面特性对黄灌区土壤水盐运移规律的影响，揭示粉煤灰基土壤调理剂对盐碱地的改良机理，为不同类型盐碱地改良提供科学参考。方法] 以宁夏回族自治区苏打盐碱土为例，设置土柱试验探究调理剂改性前后土壤中不同盐离子在空间上的运移规律。结果] 添加未改性调理剂、亲水改性调理剂、疏水改性调理剂后，表层脱盐率分别为79.72%，59.91%和84.79%，远高于未加调理剂的12.64%。较添加未改性调理剂组相比，亲水性处理组含水量提高6.59%，全盐量提高了47.13%；疏水性处理组土壤含水量降低了0.67%，全盐量降低了25.22%；pH值分别从10.5降低至8.08，8.71；表层Na⁺含量分别降低10.39%和30.46%，K⁺含量分别降低10.22%和45.93%。结论] 调理剂的界面特性可显著影响土壤中水盐运移。疏水处理更能提升调理剂对盐碱地的改良效果，强化盐分随土壤水的下渗对盐碱地改良更为重要。

Effect of Soil Conditioner Interface Modification on Migration Characteristics of Saline-Alkali Ions in Irrigation Area of Yellow River

Objective] Through the treatment of hydrophilic and hydrophobic by the conditioner, the influence of different interface characteristics of the conditioner on the soil water and salt transport law was explored, and the improvement mechanism of fly ash-based soil conditioner on saline-alkali land was revealed in order to provide scientific reference for the improvement of different types of saline-alkali land in irrigation area of the Yellow River. Methods] Taking sodic sline soil in Ningxi Hui Autonomous Region as a case study, the spatial transport patterns of different salt ions in the soil before and after modification with the soil conditioners were investigated by soil column experiments. Results] After the addition of unmodified conditioner, hydrophilic-modified conditioner, and hydrophobic-modified conditioner, the surface desalination rates were 79.72%, 59.91%, and 84.79%, respectively, for a sodic saline soil far greater than the values obtained without conditioner added (12.64%). Compared with the unmodified conditioner treatment group, the water content of the hydrophilic treatment group was 6.59% greater, and the total salt amount was 47.13% greater. The water content of the hydrophobic treatment group was 0.67% less, and the total salt amount was 25.22% less. The pH values were reduced from 10.5 to 8.08 and 8.71, respectively. The surface Na⁺ contents were reduced by 10.39% and 30.46%, and the K⁺ contents were reduced by 10.22% and 45.93%, respectively. Conclusion] The interface properties of soil conditioners significantly affected water and salt transport in the soil. The hydrophobic conditioner treatment was more effective in improving saline land, and increasing the infiltration of salts with soil water is more important for saline land improvement.