长江中游不同品质类型小麦产量形成及氮素吸收利用对氮肥的响应

为探究长江中游不同品质类型小麦产量形成和氮素吸收利用对氮肥的响应，选用强筋品种郑麦9023、中筋品种鄂麦596和弱筋品种扬麦13为供试材料，设置0、60、180和360 kg·hm^-2共4个施氮水平，分析了不同施氮水平下各小麦品种的产量、干物质积累分配、氮素吸收分配及利用率的差异。结果表明，与不施氮处理相比，施氮处理下郑麦9023、鄂麦596和扬麦13的籽粒产量均显著提高，增幅分别为34.8%～152.0%、30.8%～160.5%和34.6%～137.3%,穗粒数增加是施氮增产的主要原因。增施氮肥显著增加了小麦开花前和成熟期干物质积累量，促进了花前干物质向籽粒的转运。施氮也显著提高了三个品种的籽粒氮素积累量，但显著降低了氮肥偏生产力。品种间比较，鄂麦596的平均产量比郑麦9023和扬麦13分别高14.0%和21.8%,主要得益于其较高的穗粒数、千粒重以及干物质积累量；鄂麦596的花前氮素转运量及转运效率、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学利用率均高于其余两个品种，但花后氮素吸收量和氮肥回收率较低。这说明，施氮对不同品质类型小麦产量形成、干物质和氮素积累分配以及氮素利用效率的...

Response of Yield Formation and Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization to Nitrogen Fertilizer of Different Quality Type Wheat in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River

In order to investigate the response of yield formation and nitrogen uptake and utilization of wheat varieties with different quality type to nitrogen fertilizer in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the strong gluten variety Zhengmai 9023, medium gluten variety Emai 596, and weak gluten variety Yangmai 13 were selected as test materials, and four nitrogen application levels were set up at 0, 60, 180 and 360 kg·hm^-2, respectively. The results showed that, with the increase of nitrogen application rate, the grain yield of Zhengmai 9023, Emai 596, and Yangmai 13 was increased significantly, by 34.8%-152.0%, 30.8%-160.5% and 34.6%-137.3%, respectively, compared with that under the treatment without nitrogen application, which was related to the increase in the number of grains per spike increased by nitrogen fertilizer. The application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the dry matter accumulation at the anthesis and maturity stages of wheat, and significantly promoted the transport of dry matter stored in vegetative organs before anthesis into grain. With the increase of nitrogen application, the grain nitrogen accumulation of the three wheat cultivars increased significantly, but the partial productivity of N decreased significantly. Compared with the varieties, the average yield of Emai 596 was 14.0% and 21.8% higher than that of Zhengmai 9023 and Yangmai 13, respectively, mainly due to its higher spike number, 1 000 grain weight and total dry matter accumulation at anthesis and maturity. As for nitrogen uptake, the pre-anthesis nitrogen transport and transport rate, partial productivity of N and agronomic efficiency of N of Emai 596 were higher than those of the other two wheat varieties, but the post-anthesis nitrogen uptake and recovery efficiency of N were lower. This indicates that the effects of nitrogen application on yield formation, dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and distribution, as well as nitrogen utilization efficiency of different quality types of wheat are basically consistent, but the degree of impact varies.