冷浸田起垄平整装置设计与试验

针对冷浸田终年积水、水土温度低及排水不良，需进行垄作栽培水稻的生产要求及目前缺乏相关机具的生产现状，设计了一种适宜于冷浸田作业的起垄平整装置，该装置主要由起垄辊、微垄开沟器及平整部件组成，实现大垄排水、微垄蓄水作业，利于冷浸田排水及水稻种子生长发育。根据《冷浸田机械起垄水稻栽培技术规程》,对起垄辊、微垄开沟器及平整部件关键参数进行了设计，确定起垄辊回转半径为560 mm、锥形面倒角为28°,微垄开沟器宽度为50 mm、高度为40 mm及平整部件可调节角度为5°。基于DEM-FEM耦合仿真分析确定了装置较优运行参数，当机具前进速度为0.6 m/s、旋耕刀辊转速为230 r/min、起垄辊转速为120 r/min时，土壤回流率为3.51%,并进行了起垄辊应力应变分析。田间试验结果表明，平均垄沟沟深为160.03 mm、沟顶宽为174.84 mm,平均垄顶宽为1 888.89 mm,平均厢面平整度为11.26 mm,平均微垄沟沟宽为60.16 mm、沟深为36.48 mm,各项指标均满足冷浸田机械化起垄作业要求。

Design and Experiment of Ridging Leveling Device for Cold Waterlogged Paddy Field

In view of the production requirements of ridge cultivation of rice and lack of related machinery and equipment in cold waterlogged paddy fields, low water and soil temperature and poor drainage, a ridging and leveling device suitable for cold waterlogged paddy field was developed. The device was mainly composed of a ridging roller, a micro-ridge opener and a leveling component to achieve large ridge drainage and micro-ridge water storage operations, which was conducive to cold waterlogged paddy field drainage and rice seed growth and development. According to the technical regulations of mechanical ridging rice cultivation in cold waterlogged paddy field, the key parameters of ridging roller, micro-ridge opener and leveling parts were designed. The radius of rotation of ridging roller was 560mm, the chamfer of conical surface was 28°, the width of micro-ridge opener was 50mm, the height was 40mm and the adjustable angle of leveling parts was 5°. Based on the DEM-FEM coupling simulation analysis, the optimal operating parameters of the device were determined. When the forward speed of the machine was 0.6m/s, the rotation speed of the rotary blade roller was 230r/min, and the rotation speed of the ridge roller was 120r/min, the soil backflow rate was 3.51%, and the stress and strain of the ridge roller were analyzed. The results of the field experiment showed that the average furrow depth was 160.03mm, the width of top of furrow was 174.84mm, the average width of top of ridge was 1888.89mm, the average flatness of box was 11.26mm, the average width of micro-ridge was 60.16mm, and the depth of furrow was 36.48mm. All indicators met the requirements of mechanized ridge operation in cold-waterlogged fields. The research can provide a reference for the design of ridge leveling machine in cold waterlogged paddy field.