2BHG-160型花生播种机关键部件设计与试验

针对现有花生播种机难以适应南方黏壤土作业环境及播种品种单一等问题，设计一种普适性较高的旋耕高垄单粒播种机。基于花生播种农艺要求，对播种机的关键部件进行理论分析与设计；为优选出能适用多个花生品种的排种器，以南方主要种植的花生品种‘四粒红’和‘湘花’为试验对象，以排种盘型号和排种轴转速为试验因素，粒距合格指数和破损率为评价指标，利用JPS-12型排种性能试验台开展单因素台架试验；试制2BHG-160型花生播种机样机进行田间试验。台架试验结果表明，‘四粒红’和‘湘花’播种的最佳排种盘型号为大粒盘，最佳排种轴转速为10 r/min；田间试验结果表明，‘四粒红’和‘湘花’的粒距合格指数分别为94.04和93.22，破损率分别为0.14%和0.62%，整机播种深度合格率、垄高稳定度及上沟宽稳定度分别为84%、96.69%和95.47%。机具作业性能良好，可用于南方粘壤土环境花生播种作业。

Design and experiment of the key components of 2BHG-160 peanut planter

In response to the problems that current peanut seeders has difficult to adapt to the working environment of clay loam soil in Southern China and can only be used for a single variety， an universal rotary tillage high ridge single seed seeder was designed in this study. Based on the agronomic requirements of peanut seeding， theoretical analysis and design were conducted on the key components of the seeder. In order to select a seed metering device that could be suitable for multiple peanut varieties， the main peanut varieties ‘Silihong’ and ‘Xianghua’ planted in Southern China were used as experimental objects. The type of seed metering disc and the speed of the seed metering shaft were taken as experimental factors， and the seed spacing qualification index and the damage rate were taken as evaluation indicators. Single factor bench tests were conducted based on the JPS-12 type seed metering performance test bench， and 2BHG-160 rotary tillage high ridge single seed seeder prototype was trail produced and field experiments were conducted. The results of the bench test showed that the optimal type of seed tray for sowing ‘Silihong’ and ‘Xianghua’ was the large seed tray， and the optimal seed axis speed was 10 r/min. The field test results showed that the qualified index of grain spacing between ‘Silihong’ and ‘Xianghua’ were 94.04 and 93.22， and the damage rates were 0.14%、0.62%， respectively. The qualified rate of the seeding depth of the whole machine， the ridge stability coefficient， and furrow stability coefficient were 84%， 96.69%， and 95.47%， respectively. In conclusion， the machine designed in this study has good performance and can be used for peanut sowing in the southern clay loam environment.