不同贮藏年限对红砂种子生理特性及胚结构的影响

以室温贮藏条件下0~4 a的红砂（Reaumuria soongorica）种子为试验材料，通过测定不同贮藏年限红砂种子的萌发指标、生理指标及种胚显微结构，探究红砂种子在贮藏老化过程中种子活力及其生理和显微结构的变化特征。结果表明：随着贮藏年限的增加，红砂种子芽长、萌发率、萌发势、 发芽指数、活力指数和含水量逐渐降低，超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性、可溶性糖(soluble sugar,SS)和可溶性蛋白(soluble protein,SP)含量呈先升高后降低的趋势,丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量逐渐上升。红砂种子萌发指标与MDA含量呈显著（P<0.05）负相关，与SS、SP呈正相关。当年采收的种子，胚部细胞排列紧密，贮藏3~4 a的种子胚部细胞排列散乱，木质化程度加深着色效果明显，并伴随子叶逐渐缩小的现象。综上认为，红砂种子含水量、MDA和SP含量可较为准确地反映其活力，且红砂种子活力变化的节点在2~3 a之间。在实际生产中，建议选择采收后室温贮藏1 a的种子为播种材料。

Effects of Different Storage Years on Physiological Characteristics and Embryo Structure of Reaumuria soongorica Seeds

In this study, Reaumuria soongorica seeds stored at room temperature for 0-4 a were used as experimental materials, the germination index, physiological index and embryo microstructure of Reaumuria soongorica seeds with different storage years were measured to explore the changes in seed vigor, physiology and microstructure during storage and aging. The results showed that the bud length, germination rate, germination potential, germination index, vigor index and water content of Reaumuria songarica seeds decreased gradually with the increasing storage years. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), the contents of soluble sugar (SS) and soluble protein (SP) increased and then decreased, while the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased gradually. The germination index of Reaumuria songarica seeds was negatively correlated with MDA content (P<0.05), and positively correlated with SS and SP. Seeds harvested in the current year, had closely arranged embryo cells, whereas seeds stored of 3-4 years exhibited disordered embryo cell arrangement, the degree of lignification deepened and the colouring effect was obvious, and the phenomenon of gradual shrinkage with cotyledons was also observed. In conclusion, the water content, MDA and SP content of Reaumuria songarica seeds can accurately reflect their viability, and the node of seeds vigor change were between 2-3 a. In the production, it is recommended to select seeds stored at room temperature for 1 year post-harvest as sowing materials. The results of this experiment provide a theoretical for the vigor repair and safe storage of Reaumuria songarica seeds in the future.