膜杂捆料多级破碎机设计与试验

针对棉田机收膜杂捆料中膜-土-秆分布不均、相互裹绕且体积过大，无法直接进行有效破碎的问题，通过分析膜杂捆料的破碎过程，确定了一种先破捆、再破碎的破碎方案，并设计了一种包含均匀喂料装置、直刀破捆装置、Y型甩刀破碎装置的膜杂捆料多级破碎机。以破碎刀辊转速、喂入速度、定刀数量作为主要影响因素，以残膜破碎合格率作为评价指标，进行三因素三水平试验，确定优化参数指标为试验在破碎刀辊转速1125 r/min；喂入速度为0.012 m/s；定刀数量1个的因素水平下，此时膜杂捆料破碎合格率达到 75.15%，满足后续加工工艺要求。该装置的研究对残膜资源化利用关键技术问题具有重要意义和应用价值。

Design and experiment of multi-stage crusher for film and miscellaneous bundle materials

Residual film resources has have been fully utilized after the removal of impurity impurities in modern agriculture. Among them, the film miscellaneous bale materials are collected by cotton field machines. Complex composition and large compact volume have posed the a great challenge on to the subsequent treatment in the field. The feeding and crushing of film miscellaneous bale materials have been analyzed to determine the main influencing factors: the diameter and rotational speed of the feed roller. Meanwhile, the primary influencing factors on the crushing of film miscellaneous bale materials were the rotational speed of the crushing knife roller, and the shape of the crushing tool. A technical solution has been proposed to firstly unpack and disperse the film miscellaneous bale materials, and then crush the unpacked material into appropriate granularities. In this study, a multi-stage crusher was designed for the film miscellaneous bale materials, including a uniform feeding, a straight blade crushing, and a Y-type flailing blade crushing device. Among them, the uniform feeding device was used to feed the materials into the crushing device at a uniform speed during feeding. The high-speed rotating crushing device was to prevent from pulling a large amount of film miscellaneous bale materials into the crushing chamber, leading to the blockage. At the same time, a chute was equipped in the uniform feeding device, in order to adaptively adjust the height of the feed roller, according to the different sizes of film miscellaneous bale material. The straight blade crushing device was to break the film miscellaneous bale materials. The complex composition was simplified into a separate crushing, in order to improve the crushing quality. The Y-type flailing blade crushing device was to crush the materials beyond the standard size for the second time, and then throw the qualified materials out of the crushing chamber. The blade roller speed, feeding speed, and the number of fixed knives were taken as the main influencing factors, while the qualified rate of residual film crushing was as the evaluation index. A three-factor and three-level experiment was conducted to manually sort the materials after the experiment. The qualified rate of residual film crushing was calculated after size classification. The software Design Expert was used to determine the optimization parameter index. The reasons were explored for the impact trends of three factors. A mathematical model was established to clarify the effect of three factors on the qualified rate of film residue crushing. The significant order of each experimental factor on the qualified rate of residual film crushing was ranked in the descending order of the blade roller speed, number of fixed knives, feeding speed. Experimental verification was also carried out at a rotational speed of 1 125 r/min of the crushing knife roller. The feeding speed was 0.012 m/s at the factor level of one fixed number of knives, while the qualified rate of film residue crushing reached 75.15%. The improved model was reliable to fully meet the requirements of subsequent processing. The finding can provide the important significance and key application for the residual film resource utilization.