耦合水文情势及鱼类繁殖的江垭水库生态调度需求研究（生态调度专刊）

大型水库实施生态调度是修复河流水文情势、维持河流生态系统健康的重要手段。江垭水库位于溇水干流下游的张家界慈利县，是澧水流域具有重要防洪意义的大型水库。本研究通过环境DNA采样、IHA水文指标变动分析和文献资料总结等方法，开展了江垭坝下水文情势及鱼类繁殖需求的关系研究，提出了江垭水库生态调度需求及建议。2021年9月在溇水干支流综合调查到鱼类55种，与上世纪90年代相比，流水性种类在干流江段显著减少了51.35%；按照生态调度优先等级评估原则，确定江垭水库生态调度的主要目标物种为产漂流性卵的银鲴、银鮈、贝氏?和产粘沉性卵的鲤、鲫；江垭建坝前后下游水文情势变化较大，发生高度改变且对鱼类洄游产卵及鱼卵发育有重要作用的水文指标包括：年最大1日、3日平均流量指标，年出现高流量脉冲事件的次数和持续时间，以及连续日流量上涨率。以促进坝下不同产卵类型的鱼类繁殖为目标，江垭水库生态调度一方面需要恢复一定的高流量脉冲次数和历时，另一方面需要控制下游的水位日降幅，通过泄放合理的生态流量来维持下游鱼类的生物多样性。

Study on ecological operation demand of JiangYa reservoir coupled with hydrological situation and fish reproduction

Ecological operation of large reservoirs is an important means to repair the hydrological situation of rivers and maintain the health of river ecosystems. Jiangya Reservoir, located in Cili County, Zhangjiajie, downstream of the main stream of Loushui River, is a large reservoir with important flood control significance in Lishui River Basin. In this study, by using environmental DNA sampling, IHA hydrological index variation analysis and literature summary, the relationship between the hydrological situation below the JiangYa dam and the fish reproductive demand was analyzed, and the requirement and suggestion for ecological operation of JiangYa reservoir were put forward. A total of 55 fish species were comprehensively investigated in the main stream and tributaries of Loushui River, in September 2021. Compared with the 1990s, the number of rheophilic fish species in the main stream decreased by 51.35% significantly. According to the principle of priority evaluation of ecological operation, main target species of Jiangya Reservoir ecological operation were selected, they were Xenocypris argentea,Squalidus argentatus,Hemiculter bleekeri that lay drifting eggs, and Cyprinus carpio, Carassius auratus that lay sticky eggs. Before and after the construction of the JiangYa, the hydrological situation in the lower reaches had changed greatly, the high variated hydrological indicators with important role on fish migration and spawning and fish egg development include: annual maximum 1-day and 3-day average flow, number and duration of high-flow pulse events in a year, and continuous daily flow increase rate. In order to promote the reproduction of fish with different spawning types under the dam, the ecological operation of JiangYa Reservoir needs to restore a certain number and duration of high-flow pulses, and also to control the daily decline of the downstream water level, which is important to the diversity of downstream aquatic organisms by releasing reasonable ecological flow.