超大城市外围乡村地域功能的演化路径及定位建议

掌握功能演化规律,合理确定功能定位,有助于乡村多元价值的挖掘和实现,是乡村地域高质量发展的前提。研究以超大城市北京的外围乡村地域作为典型案例,基于乡村地域功能的内涵和分类,构建了适用于长时间序列乡村地域功能强度测度的评价指标体系,测度和识别了2000—2020年北京不同乡村地域的功能强度及功能结构,分析和总结了研究期间北京乡村地域的功能结构演化过程及形成路径。结果表明：1）超大城市乡村地域不同功能的强度呈现出显著的区域差异,功能结构整体呈现从单一优势功能主导向多种优势功能主导的演化趋势;2）功能结构能够反映不同类型乡村地域发展的差异,基于功能结构的演化特征,可以将超大城市外围乡村地域的功能结构演化过程归纳为“功能强化升级式路径”、“功能调整转换式路径”“功能综合完善式路径”3类发展路径;3）强化生活服务功能是当前城乡融合发展目标下推动超大城市外围乡村地域功能多元化和高质量发展的首要举措;4）通过分析优势功能及功能结构的演化过程,可以明确不同乡村地域的发展特征并指导其功能定位的制定,有利于分类推动超大城市外围乡村地域的多元化发展。研究结果丰富了乡村多功能理论的典型地域案例,可为超大城市外围乡村地域的功能定位设定及发展路径的决策和实践提供参考。

Evolution path and positioning suggestions for rural area functions onthe edge of megacities

Rural area of megacities is characterized by strong connection with the urban functions and the high diversification. The function evolution can be used to determine the function positioning for the multiple value and high-quality development of rural areas. Taking the rural areas in the periphery of Beijing as a typical case, this study aims to construct an evaluation index system of rural functional intensity suitable for the long-term sequence measurement, according to the connotation and classification of rural function. Then, Nelson classification was selected to measure and identify the functional intensity and functional structure in the different rural areas from 2000 to 2020. A summary was given on the evolution and formation path of the functional structure in the rural areas. The research results were as follows: 1) There were the significant regional differences in the functional intensity of rural areas in the periphery of megacities. Diversified forms were found in the functional combination. There was also the trend from the single-dominant dominant function to multi-dominant dominant function in the functional structure. The rural multi-function was evaluated as the basis for the classification of rural functional structure. The rural regional functional structure was represented by the differences in the path formation of rural regional functions. 2) According to the number and differentiation of dominant functions, the evolution of functional structure in the rural area on the edge of megacity was summarized into three development paths: "function strengthening and upgrading path", "function adjustment and transformation path" and " Functional comprehensive improvement path". Among them, there was the relatively simple functional structure of the exurb districts and counties far from the central urban area. The functional structure evolution was attributed to the functional strengthening and upgrading path. The path of functional adjustment and transformation was mainly taken, due to the instability of core functions. The functional comprehensive and perfect path was also taken as the optimization direction of the functional structure in the plain areas with the better development in the suburbs. 3) The agricultural safeguard function with the strength was the main initial function before the multiple transformation and differentiation of the functional structure of most rural areas on the edge of megacities. The life service function was strengthened in the primary measure, in order to promote the functional diversification and high-quality development of the rural area on the edge of megacity under the current urban-rural integration goal; 4) The evolution of dominant functions and functional structures showed that the development of different rural regions was defined to guide the formulation of their functional positioning, in order to promote the diversified functions and rural regional functional structure, as well as the determination of the development direction. The functional structure and the evolution path was introduced to determine the differentiated functional positioning. The typical regional cases were enriched the research perspective of the rural regional multi-function theory. The finding can provide the promising idea for the functional structure evolution and positioning in the development path decision-making of rural areas outside megacities.