1990-2020年贵州百里杜鹃风景名胜区景观格局动态变化分析

为研究自然保护地生态要素景观格局动态变化规律,以贵州百里杜鹃风景名胜区为研究对象,选取1990、2000、2010及2020年4期土地利用类型数据,运用景观格局面积动态分析、景观格局指数等方法分析了30年来百里杜鹃景区景观格局演变特征。结果表明:1990—2020年,百里杜鹃风景名胜区土地利用类型以林地和耕地为主,林地、水域及建设用地面积增加,耕地、草地面积减少,30年来,有9.3km2土地发生转移,其中耕地净减少4.23km2,林地净增加4.2km2。景观水平上,研究区景观总体上破碎度减小,景观异质性减弱,景观结构趋向简单,景观团聚程度增加。在类型景观格局水平上,研究区以林地为优势景观,林地、耕地及草地斑块破碎程度降低,水域及建设用地变化不明显。总的来说,百里杜鹃风景名胜区生态环境持续向好,但景观格局趋向单一。

Analysis on landscape pattern dynamics in guizhou bailidujuan scenic spot from 1990 to 2020

To study the dynamic changes of ecological elements and landscape patterns in nature reserves, the Baili Rhododendron Scenic Area in Guizhou was selected as a research object. Four periods of land use type data from 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020 were selected, and the landscape pattern area dynamic analysis, landscape pattern index and other methods were used to analyse the landscape pattern development characteristics of the Baili Rhododendron Scenic Area over the past 30 years. The results showed that from 1990 to 2020, the land use types of Baili Rhododendron Scenic Area were mainly forest land and arable land. The area of forest land, water area and construction land increased, while the area of arable land and grassland decreased. Over the last 30 years, 9.3 km2 of land has been transferred, with a net decrease of 4.23 km2 of arable land and a net increase of 4.2 km2 of forest land. At the landscape level, the overall fragmentation of the landscape in the study area is decreasing, the heterogeneity of the landscape is decreasing, the landscape structure is becoming simpler and the degree of landscape aggregation is increasing. At the level of landscape pattern type, the study area adopts forest land as the dominant landscape, with reduced fragmentation of forest land, arable land and grassland patches, and no significant changes in water and construction land. Overall, the ecological environment of the Baili Rhododendron Scenic Area continues to improve, but the landscape pattern tends to be monotonous.