3种抗凝血类杀鼠剂在喀什农区防治害鼠效果及对家禽的安全性评价

为确定适于防治南疆农区鼠害的抗凝血类杀鼠剂, 在喀什地区疏勒县采用夹捕法、食饵法、粉迹法评估了杀鼠醚、溴敌隆、溴鼠灵的防治效果, 并采用灌胃法给药测试3种杀鼠剂对家鸡Gallus domestiaus和鸽子Columba livia的安全性。结果表明, 连续投放毒饵10 d后, 与溴敌隆防治区相比, 杀鼠醚防治区的阳性粉块和无毒小麦取食量的下降幅度均无显著差异, 但无毒小麦取食量下降的农户比例更高;且防治后褐家鼠比例更低, 防治期间毒饵消耗量更高。连续单独投放溴敌隆30 d的灭鼠效果可达90.9%, 但10 d溴敌隆与20 d溴鼠灵联合防治防效仅为65.9%。灌胃法测试表明, 对当地家禽类的毒性从低到高依次为杀鼠醚、溴敌隆和溴鼠灵。因此, 建议优选毒性较低的杀鼠醚或溴敌隆用于南疆农区鼠害防治。

Evaluation of control efficacy of three anticoagulant rodenticides against rodent pest and their potential lethal effect on poultry in Kashi

To screen suitable anticoagulant rodenticides for pest rodent control in rural areas of southern Xinjiang, we tested the control efficacy of coumatetralyl, bromadiolone, and brodifacoum on pest rodents using three kinds of evaluation methods, including snap-trap, food consumption, and powder trace, in Shule county, Kashi. We also evaluated the safety of rodenticides for Gallus domestiaus and Columba livia by gavage. The results showed that the control efficacy of coumatetralyl and bromadiolone reached a similar level 10 days after successive bait delivery, including the percentage of positive blocks and the consumption of normal wheaT. In the coumatetralyl zone, we found a higher percentage of households along with decreased wheat consumption and lower percentage of Rattus norvegicus in captured pest rodents, compared with the bromadiolone zone. However, the consumption of rodenticide was higher in coumatetralyl zone. The control efficacy of bromadiolone alone for 30 days reached 90.9%, while the control efficacy was only 65.9% using the control strategy of 10-day bromadiolone and 20-day brodifacouM. The toxicity level of rodenticides to local poultry, e.g., chicken and pigeon, from low to high followed the order of coumatetralyl, bromadiolone, and brodifacouM. Therefore, coumatetralyl and bromadiolone are suitable for rodent control in the rural areas of southern Xinjiang.