不同地膜覆盖对南疆机采棉产量效益及残膜回收率的影响

为探究不同地膜覆盖对南疆机采棉产量、经济效益和地膜回收的影响，本研究于2021年在新疆维吾尔自治区阿克苏地区沙雅县棉花地开展试验，以裸地（CK）为对照设置2种不同地膜覆盖处理，即高堡膜覆盖（GB）和普通PE地膜覆盖（PE），统计分析不同地膜覆盖下棉花的产量和经济效益，并对使用后的残留地膜进行回收。结果表明：高堡膜在棉花苗期（播种后20 d）能够显著提高棉田0～10 cm土层的土壤温度，较普通PE地膜和裸地分别提高0.78℃和2.19℃；保水率（第30天）较普通PE地膜提高2.51个百分点，具有良好的增温保墒效果。高堡膜覆盖可显著增加棉花的产量和经济效益，籽棉产量较普通PE地膜和裸地分别提高9.91%、33.13%，高堡膜覆盖和普通PE地膜覆盖的利润较裸地分别提高55.77%和27.22%。此外，高堡膜在使用前后的拉伸负荷和断裂标称应变指数整体上均高于普通PE地膜，一次性机械回收率高于80%。研究表明，高堡膜在南疆机采棉田具有较好的增温保墒效果，较普通PE地膜和裸地更有利于棉花的生长发育和产量提高，且其回收率较高，可在南疆棉田优先推广使用。

Effect of different mulching films on yield benefit and residual film recovery rate of machine-picked cotton in southern Xinjiang

This study aimed to explore the effects of different mulching films on machine-picked cotton yield, economic benefit, and mulching film recovery in southern Xinjiang. The experiment was conducted in 2021 in the cotton field of Shaya County, Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The bare land was used as the control to set two different mulching films, namely, high castle mulching film（GB）and common PE mulching film（PE）. The yield and economic benefits of cotton under different mulching films were statistically analyzed, and the residual mulching films were recovered. The results showed that, compared with the common PE film and bare land, GB could significantly increase the soil temperature of the 0–10 cm soil layer in the cotton field during the seedling stage（20 d after sowing）by 0.78 ℃ and 2.19 ℃ , respectively. The water retention rate at 30th day was 2.51 percentage points higher than that of common PE film, which was effective for increasing temperature and preserving soil moisture. The yield and economic benefit of cotton were significantly increased in GB. Compared with the common PE mulching film and bare land, the seed cotton yield increased by 9.91% and 33.13%, and the profit in GB and PE mulching increased by 55.77% and 27.22%, respectively, compared that in bare land which was beneficial to cotton growth and yield. In addition, the tensile load and fracture nominal strain GB of before and after use were higher than that of ordinary PE film, and the disposable mechanical recovery rate exceeded 80%. This study showed that high castle mulching film had a better effect on increasing temperature and preserving soil moisture in machine-picked cotton fields in southern Xinjiang, was more beneficial to cotton growth and yield than common PE film and bare soil, and the recovery efficiency was higher. To promote the green and sustainable development of cotton fields in southern Xinjiang, it could be preferential for widespread use.