芦笋对烟粉虱的抗性品种筛选及抗性机制研究

为了探明芦笋对烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) 的抗性机制, 为芦笋抗性品种的选育及烟粉虱的综合防治提供理论依据，本研究以收集的16份芦笋品种为材料, 于苗期人工释放烟粉虱后测定各品种抗性相关指标叶绿素a、叶绿素b、POD、SOD、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸、丙二醛、单宁、类黄酮、总酚和表皮蜡质等的含量, 利用“隶属函数法”“虫量比值法”和“表型观察法”对其抗虫性进行鉴定并研究其抗性机制。结果表明, 释放烟粉虱后不同时间, 品种间烟粉虱数量存在显著差异, 不同芦笋品种对烟粉虱诱集能力不同;各生化指标在烟粉虱为害下变异程度较大, 变异系数变幅在24.46%～47.43%;16个芦笋品种中, ‘浙丰1号’‘阿特拉斯’和‘紫色激情’的抗虫能力相对较强。12个生化指标降维为5个主成分, 累计贡献率达84.136%;相关分析表明:芦笋抗虫性与单宁、表皮蜡质含量呈极显著正相关, 与POD活性、总酚、可溶性糖含量呈显著正相关, 与丙二醛含量呈极显著负相关, 与其他性状无明显相关性。选育单宁、总酚、表皮蜡质和可溶性糖含量高、POD活性高、丙二醛含量低的品种, 可提高芦笋对烟粉虱的抗性。

Screening for the resistant varieties of Asparagus officinalis against Bemisia tabaci and the mechanism of resistance

To explore the mechanisms underlying the resistance of asparagus to Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and provide a theoretical basis for breeding resistant asparagus varieties and develop comprehensive prevention and control methods for B. tabaci, 16 asparagus varieties were collected and inoculated with B. tabaci at the seedling stage to determine the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, soluble protein, soluble sugar, free proline, malondialdehyde, tannin, flavonoids, total phenols, and cuticular waxes as the index for resistance evaluation. The resistance of 16 asparagus varieties and the related mechanisms were investigated by using membership function method, insect ratio method and phenotypic observation. The results showed that there were significant differences in the number of B. tabaci among different varieties under different treatments, and different asparagus varieties had different attraction ability to B. tabaci. The biochemical indexes varied greatly after damaged by B. tabaci, and the variation coefficient ranged from 24.46 % to 47.43 %. Among the 16 asparagus varieties, ‘ Zhefeng 1’ ‘Atlas’ and ‘Purple passion’ had relatively strong resistance to the pest insecT. The cumulative contribution rate of five principal components of 12 biochemical indexes was 84.136%. The correlation analysis showed that the resistance of asparagus to B. tabaci was extremely significantly positively correlated with tannin and cuticular waxes, significantly positively correlated with activity of POD, contents of total phenols and soluble sugar, extremely significantly negatively correlated with malondialdehyde, while no significant correlation with other traits was observed. Asparagus varieties with high contents of tannin, cuticular wax, soluble sugar and total phenols, high POD activity, and low content of malondialdehyde should be paid more attention in resistance-breeding of asparagus to B. tabaci.