面向产漂流性卵鱼类的三峡水库生态调度效果评价

生态调度是减缓水电开发不利生态环境影响的重要非工程措施,三峡水库自2011年起,每年5-7月份择机开展面向产漂流性卵鱼类自然繁殖的生态调度试验,但是各年度生态调度效果参差不齐,缺乏生态调度效果评价技术体系。本研究从生态环境效益和社会经济效益两个维度出发,构建了面向产漂流性卵鱼类繁殖的水库生态调度效果评价体系,在此基础上,以三峡水库为例,评估了2012-2022历年生态调度效果。结果显示三峡水库各年度生态调度效果存在明显差异,整体而言,涨水持续时间、初始流量、流量日上涨率和洪峰流量、水温等水文水环境指标满足鱼类最适繁殖需求的生态调度试验,其鱼类繁殖响应良好,生态调度效果较为理想；同时开展两次生态调度的年份,其调度效果好于仅开展一次调度的年份。研究结果可为三峡水库生态调度优化设计提供参考依据。

Evaluation of ecological scheduling effect of the Three Gorges Reservoir for drift egg-producing fishZHANG Di1, LIN Junqiang1, XU Wei2, HOU Yiqun2, ZHU Boran1, PENG Qidong1, Jin Tiantian1

Ecological scheduling is an important non-engineering measure to mitigate the adverse impact of hydropower development on the ecological environment. Since 2011, the Three Gorges Reservoir has carried out ecological scheduling experiments for the natural reproduction of drifting egg-producing fish at an appropriate time from May to July every year. However, the ecological scheduling results are lack of a technical system for the evaluation of ecological scheduling effects. From the two dimensions of eco-environmental benefits and social and economic benefits, this study constructed an evaluation system for the ecological scheduling effect of the reservoir for the reproduction of drift egg-producing fish. On this basis, the ecological dispatch effect of the Three Gorges Reservoir was evaluated from 2012 to 2022. The results show that there are obvious differences in the ecological scheduling effect of Three Gorges Reservoir in each year. Overall, the ecological scheduling experiment in which the duration of discharge rise, initial discharge, daily increase rate of discharge, peak discharge and water temperature meet the optimal breeding demand of fish has a good response to fish reproduction and the ecological dispatching effect is relatively ideal. The results of two ecological scheduling years were better than those of only one ecological scheduling year. The research results can provide reference for the ecological scheduling optimization design of the Three Gorges Reservoir.