气候变化对松嫩平原马铃薯生长发育及产量的影响

利用黑龙江省松嫩平原马铃薯主产区1971-2017年气温、降水、日照、地段产量、发育期、产量结构资料,分析气候变化对马铃薯生长发育及产量形成的影响,探寻不同发育阶段影响显著的气象因子,以期为马铃薯生产防灾减灾提供科学依据。结果表明：1987-2017年松嫩平原马铃薯全生育期日数为延长的趋势,播种期先提前后延迟,出苗期普遍提前,分枝、花序形成、开花期均先提前后延后,可收期波动频繁,全生育期≥10℃积温总体增加,马铃薯观测站的地段产量呈上升趋势。研究区域内屑薯率与各发育阶段的气象因子相关性不大；株薯块重与播种-出苗期的日照时数、花序形成-开花期的平均气温和降水及开花至可收期的日照时数相关性较大；在满足马铃薯生长发育的情况下,花序形成-开花期的降水越少、开花至可收期的平均气温越低,气象产量越高。

Effects of Climate change on growth and yield of Potato in Songnen Plain

Based on the data of temperature, precipitation, sunshine, yield, growth period and yield structure of potato in Songnen Plain of Heilongjiang Province from 1971 to 2017,Authors analyzed the effects of climate change on potato growth and yield, It also find out the significant meteorological factors in different developmental stages. It should provide scientific basis for disaster prevention and mitigation of potato production. The main conclusions are as follows: In Songnen Plain, the whole growth period of potato was extended 1987-2017, sowing time advanced and delayed later, emergence stage is advanced, branching and inflorescence formation and flowering advanced and delayed later, the harvest fluctuates frequently, accumulated temperature increased, yield was on the rise. There was little correlation between the rate of small potato and meteorological factors in each stage of development.