施用猪粪对蔬菜生长及土壤抗生素、重金属含量的影响

为研究施用含有多种抗生素和重金属元素残留的猪粪有机肥对土壤和作物的影响，采用1年大田试验比较腐熟猪粪和新鲜猪粪对土壤中四环素类抗生素四环素(TC)、土霉素(OTC)、金霉素(CTC)]、抗性菌和重金属(Cu、Cd、Ni、Pb、Zn、Cr)的残留量及对土壤抗性菌数量及蔬菜产量的影响。结果表明，水白菜、菜心、莴苣、青梗菜4种蔬菜新鲜猪粪处理（FPM处理）的产量较腐熟猪粪处理（CPM处理）分别增加了11.3%、3.2%、75.0%和6.8%，施用CPM 1年后的土壤anti-OTC和anti-TC比FPM高73.07%和40.89%，其anti-OTC抗性菌占细菌总数的比例分别比FPM和CK（不施用猪粪的对照处理）显著高163.10%和307.10%，anti-CTC显著高于对照52.3%。施用CPM和FPM的土壤四环素类抗生素TC、OTC、CTC含量及总量显著增加，土壤Cd、Cu、Zn含量分别较对照土壤增加52.7%、33.7%和29.8%(CPM)，8.7%、24.1%和16.9%(FPM)。土壤中Cd、Cu、Zn含量CPM>FPM>CK。施用猪粪会造成土壤中四环素和重金属的累积。

Application of Pig Manure Affects Growth of Vegetable, Residues of Antibiotics and Heavy Metals in Soil

To investigate the application effects of pig manure containing multiple antibiotics and heavy metal elements on soil and crops, a field experiment was carried out to study the after- one- year effects of decomposed pig manure and fresh pig manure on tetracycline antibiotics tetracycline (TC), oxytetracycline (OTC), chlortetracycline (CTC)] residues, resistant bacteria and heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, Zn and Cr) in soil. Their effects on soil physical and chemical properties and vegetable yield were also studied. The results showed that the yields of water cabbage, Chinese flowering cabbage, lettuce and green stem vegetable under fresh pig manure (FPM) treatments increased by 11.3%, 3.2%, 75.0% and 6.8% respectively compared with those under decomposed pig manure (CPM) treatments. After one year application of decomposed pig manure (CPM), the number of anti-OTC and anti-TC resistant bacteria in soil was 73.07% and 40.89% higher than that of FPM application, respectively, and the proportion of anti-OTC resistant bacteria to total bacteria was significantly higher than FPM application and CK (163.10% and 307.10%, respectively), the proportion of anti-CTC resistant bacteria to total bacteria was significantly higher than CK (52.3%). The content of TC, OTC, CTC and the total amount of tetracycline antibiotics in soil increased significantly by CPM and FPM. The content of Cd, Cu and Zn in soil of FPM treatments and CPM treatments increased by 52.7%, 33.7% and 29.8% (CPM), 8.7%, 24.1% and 16.9% (FPM), respectively. The content of Cd, Cu and Zn in soil was in order of CPM> FPM>CK. Long-term application of pig manure causes the risk of accumulation of tetracycline antibiotics and heavy metals in soil.