大麦有益基因向普通小麦导入的研究进展

小麦和大麦是世界上两大麦类栽培作物，小大麦杂交始于1896年，由于其亲缘关系较远，杂交极不易成功。本文较为详细地介绍了小大麦杂交的研究历程，1973年Kruse首次成功地获得小大麦真实杂种，此后Islam及其他学者经过多年努力，先后获得了小大麦附加系、代换系、易位系及其他小大麦重组材料。同时介绍了利用遗传标记进行小麦中大麦染色体的追踪及鉴定过程，具体鉴定方法包括形态标记、细胞学标记、生化标记和分子标记，其中两种以上遗传标记结合起来可使鉴定结果更加准确可靠。本文对小大麦杂交历史的全面回顾，可为进一步利用大麦中的有益基因打下坚实基础。

Progress of Introduction Barley Useful Genes into Wheat

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L., 2n=6x=42) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L., 2n=2x=14) are two of the most important cereal crops in the world. Hybridization between these species began in 1896, and it is very difficult to cross these two species owing to their distant genetic relationship. The (research) history of the crosses between barley and wheat was reviewed in this article. The first successful hybridization between wheat and barley was reported by Kruse in 1973, and later a set of wheat-barley addition lines, (substitution) lines, translocation lines and other recombination materials were produced by Islam and other (researchers). Tracing and characterizing barley chromosome in wheat by genetic markers was discussed, (including) morphological markers, cytological makers, biochemical markers and moleculer markers.