Changes in land tenure and use during thirty years of small irrigation system operation

This article provides a detailed case study of land tenure and use during 30 years of small irrigation system operation in Niger Republic. In contrast to larger systems in the region, the state-sponsored system that was studied has developed certain management polices which accommodate farmer preferences and increase farmers' sense of control over the lands they cultivate. The initial process of land expropriation and redistribution, subsequent changes in parcel tenure and land use practices, and concessionary changes in system management by state authorities are reviewed in detail. A long-term policy of parcel inheritance and subdivision within households has resulted in a 37% reduction in mean holding size, a 54% increase in parcel holder population, and greater equity of parcel distribution among beneficiaries. Most parcels have remained within the extended families of the original parcel recipients during the life of the system. Characteristics of land tenure and use policy that have enhanced beneficiary incentives and project sustainability are summarized and a closer examination of the applicability of similar policies and practices among other systems in the region is suggested. Specific areas for future, related research are also proposed.