50年黑龙江省大豆遗传改良的产量及品质变化

本研究针对黑龙江省过去50年推广的大豆品种产量及品质变化进行研究。结果表明，品种推广年代与产量之间表现显著的线性回归关系，产量呈逐年增加的趋势，平均每年提高1．27％。产量的提高与英数、英粒数、粒数及收获指数密切相关，而与百粒重关系不大。经过50年的遗传改良，大豆蛋白质和脂肪含量变化不大，且品种间变异幅度较小。R2期（盛花期）叶氮含量、单株叶氮量、比叶氮及LAI（叶面积指数）与产量及品质关系不大，但此时期干物质重与产量里负相关关系，生育前期的干物质积累对产量的贡献不大。

Yield and Quality Change from 50 Years of Genetic Improvement of Soybean Cultivars in Heilongjiang Province

In Heilongjiang Province,soybean cultivars released in the post 50 years were selected for yield and quality investigation in this study.The results showed that there was significantly relationship between yield and year of cultivar release,and the soybean yield increased by 1.27% per year across the period.The yield increase was contributed to the pod number,seed number per pod,seed number and harvest index,but not to 100-seed weight.With the 50-year genetic improvement,protein and fat concentration did not change greatly and their CV was relatively small.Leaf nitrogen concentration,leaf nitrogen content,specific leaf nitrogen and LAI(Leaf Area Index)at R2 stage(full flower stage)were not associated with yield and quality.However,the plant dry weight at this stage had minus co-relationship with yield,indicating that accumulation of dry mater during vegetable stage do not affect the yield.