过磷酸钙添加剂对猪粪堆肥温室气体和氨气减排的作用

为研究不同比例过磷酸钙添加剂对畜禽粪便高温堆肥氨挥发和温室气体减排的作用,该文以猪粪和玉米秸秆为试验材料,以市售过磷酸钙肥料作为添加剂,在发酵仓中(单仓体积1.2m3)进行56d的好氧堆肥试验,监测堆肥过程中的温室气体和氨排放速率及堆体碳、氮损失率。结果表明:在初始物料中添加干质量3.3%～13.2%的过磷酸钙添加剂对减少堆体碳、氮损失,降低温室气体排放均有明显效果,但超过初始物料干质量的9.9%的过磷酸钙添加剂会对堆肥腐熟进程产生显著抑制作用;该试验中添加初始物料干质量3.3%～6.6%分别使堆肥56d的NH3、N2O和CH4排放量减少了24.1%～43.4%、22.2%～27.7%和22.4%～62.9%,总温室气体排放当量减少30%。猪粪和玉米秸秆堆肥中较适宜的过磷酸钙添加量是初始物料干质量的3.3%～6.6%。该文为过磷酸钙添加剂应用于实际堆肥工程提供理论依据。

Effects of additive superphosphate on NH3, N2O and CH4 emissions during pig manure composting

To study the effects of superphosphate (SP) on NH3, N2O and CH4 emissions, an experiment of pig manure composting for 56 days was carried out. Besides control, four mixtures (1.2 m3 each) were treated with different amount of SP additive of 3.3%, 6.6%, 9.9% and 13.2% (dry matter weight). The results indicated that, during 56 days, SP additives in pig manure composting at 3.3% to 13.2% decreased the ammonia volatilization, total nitrogen and carbon losses significantly. Adding more than 9.9% of SP caused adverse effects on the degradation of organic materials. SP additive at 3.3% and 6.6% reduced total NH3 emission by 24.1% and 43.4%, N2O emission by 22.2% and 27.7%, and CH4 emission by 62.9% and 22.4%, respectively. Compared with the control, the total greenhouse gas emissions (CO2-eq) of three treatments with SP additive at less than 9.9% were decreased by 30%. It is concluded that SP as a cheap phosphorus fertilizer can be used as an additive in pig manure composting to reduce the emissions and improve the value of compost as fertilizer; the feasible addition amount of SP could be about 3.3% to 6.6% of raw materials dry weight.