松辽平原中部地区应对气候干旱变化的土壤耕作技术

近30a松辽平原中部地区气候变化显著,该地区玉米生产干旱风险增加。论文利用四平、长春等7个站点的逐日气候数据,分析了近30a松辽平原中部地区玉米季(5-9月)气候变化情况,研究发现该地区玉米季降雨量呈现减少趋势,平均温度、最高温度和最低温度均呈增加趋势;整体上玉米季干旱风险加剧,近10a发生频率为60%,增加幅度尤为明显。在此基础上,该文从土壤耕作技术应对角度分析了免耕(NT)、旋耕(RT)、翻耕(CT)和宽窄行(DL)等技术对土壤蓄水能力、透水性和紧实度的影响,探讨了不同耕作措施对土壤耕层结构的影响,比较了不同耕作技术下玉米产量差异,分析了土壤耕作措施对气候干旱变化的适应性。结果表明:以免耕和宽窄行技术为核心的保护性耕作技术是松辽平原中部地区应对干旱气候最为合理的土壤耕作技术,对于减小该地区玉米季干旱风险,提高玉米产量具有重要意义。

Soil tillage practices coping with drought climate change in central region of Songliao Plain

In recent 30 years, the influence of spring drought risk on maize production has been increased with the climate change in central Songliao Plain, Northeast China. In this paper, we collected 7 meteorological stations' daily climate data to analyze climate change trend from May to September. These meteorological stations included Changchun, Tonghe, Shangzhi, Fuyu, Kaiyuan, Shuangliao and Siping, which were typical areas of central Songliao Plain. Results showed rainfall in the region decreased during the maize growing season, however, the average temperature, maximum temperature and minimum temperature showed an increasing trend. Drought risks in the maize growing season were aggravated and the drought occurrence frequency increased greatly. In the past 10 years, the drought probability was 60%. On this basis, this paper analyzed the measures coping with climate change in this region from soil tillage effects. Soil moisture, compactness, permeability and maize yield were compared among the treatments of the no-tillage(NT), rotary tillage(RT), conventional tillage(CT) and wide-narrow row alternative tillage(DL). Conservation tillage technologies such as no tillage and wide-narrow alternative tillage with water benefits, which could alleviate drought risk in this region, will be adapted to climate change and become useful measures to improve the yield of maize.