河北省不同地区冬季肉牛合内外温湿环境研究

通过检测河北省不同地区6个有代表性的肉牛场合内外空气温度和湿度，对冬季肉牛舍的温湿环境进行分析。结果表明，多数牛舍内气温偏低，尤其是早晚，分别达到-0．4～1．7℃和0．8～5．3℃。除平原丘陵地区的敞棚舍，各种封闭性较强的牛舍（半开放舍、有窗舍和塑料暖棚舍）内外气温差异显著（P〈0．05），尤其是承德山区牛舍，舍内外气温差可高达11．6℃。另外，各牛舍早晚湿度较大，尤其是承德山区，牛舍内湿度明显高于舍外，达到78％～81％，而平原丘陵地区的多数牛舍内外湿度差不明显，舍内早晚湿度分别达到65．0％～72．0％和59．0％～71．0％。综合温湿度分析，河北省多数肉牛舍冬季处于寒冷状态，需要加强牛舍保温。

Evaluation of Indoor and Outdoor Thermal Environment in Beef Cattle Farms of Different Regions in Winter in Hebei Province

The study was to investigate indoor and outdoor ambient temperature and relative humidity （RH） of beef cattle houses in winter. Six styles of houses were used in different regions in Hebei province. The results showed that indoor temperature of large majority of houses was low, especially in the morning and evening with-0.4-1.7 ℃and 0.8-5.3 ℃, respectively. The difference between indoor and outdoor temperature for styles of closed houses （semi-open front houses, house with windows and plastic ceiling houses）, were significant, except for open houses in plain and upland regions, especially in mountainous region of Chengde, this difference in temperature reached 11.6 ℃. Besides, RH in styles of houses in the morning and evening was high, especially in mountainous region, indoor RH was significantly higher than outdoor RH, reaching 78%-81%. However, for majority of houses in plain and upland regions, there was no significant difference between indoor and outdoor RH with 65.0% -72.0% in the morning and 59.0%-71.0% in the evening, respectively. By the comprehensive analysis of temperature and RH, large majority of beef cattle houses in Hebei were undergoing chilliness in winter. Therefore, it was suggested that heat preservation measures in cattle houses should be improved in winter.