安徽沿淮淮北小麦抗灾与高产同步技术研究与应用

针对安徽沿淮淮北小麦主产区存在的10月中旬前后常规播种季节遇旱难全苗，冬春低温冻害、冷害，春雨诱发病害与龙卷风强对流天气引起倒伏等多种气象灾害制约小麦产量提高的情况，提出优化品种布局，选用弱冬性小麦品种为主导，适墒早播与降低播量相结合，改传统一次性撒施基肥为基肥正位深施，重施拔节肥，夏秋两茬秸秆还田改良沙姜土壤，提高肥效；研制集秸秆还田、旋耕整地、正位深施基肥、播种、镇压于一体的多功能农业机具等关键创新技术。在8个县（区）高产创建田示范应用，取得了抗御灾害与形成高产同步的技术目标任务，增产增效显著，具有良好的推广前景。

Synchronization technology for disaster prevention and yield enhancement of wheat in Yanhuai and Huaibei of Anhui

Poor seedling standing due to drought during the seeding time (around mid October), freezing and chilling injury in winter and spring, disease infection induced by spring rain, and lodging caused by tornados and other climatic hazards are main factors, largely limiting the yield increase of wheat in Yanhuai and Huaibei, the main wheat production region in Anhui. Management methods including optimizing the layout of varieties, using weak winter wheat varieties, early seeding in the moist soil and reducing seeding rate, using normotopia deep fertilization rather than surface application, aggravating jointing fertilizer, and straw returning in summer and autumn to improve the Shajiang black soil structure and fertility were presented in this paper. Some key innovations including the development of multifunctional agriculture machinery that can be used for straw returning, rotary tillage, normotopia deep fertilization, and sowing with compacting function have been applied in a large area of high yield wheat field in 8 counties (districts). The Synchronization Technology has led to the achievement on preventing natural disaster and increasing wheat yield and will have significant impact on increasing yield and economic benefits in the future.