便携式风力灭火机振动及其沿人体手臂传递特性研究

便携式风力灭火机工作时产生的振动会对操作者的健康造成很大影响,为了对其进行优化设计并给出合理使用建议,对国产林海6MF-30和日本小松HB2302风力灭火机的振动频谱和人体手臂振动传递率进行了对比分析。结果表明:6MF-30与HB2302风力灭火机的振动基频分别为58.5和121.5 Hz,试验测试频谱范围内分别存在5个和2个支配性频率,且基频越大,对操作者影响越小,故应优化6MF-30的结构设计以提高其振动的基频;根据ISO5349—2001标准,在最大功率转速下,操作者使用6MF-30和HB2302风力灭火机的允许受振时间分别为2.29和3.27 a;风力灭火机振动对操作者手臂和肩颈的影响很小,绝大部分能量由手掌和手指吸收,需重点研究针对手部的减振策略。 

Experimental research on the pneumatic extinguishers based on vibration characteristics and vibration transmission along human arm

The vibration from pneumatic extinguishers has great impacts on the health of operators. In order to optimize the design for more rational use, we analyzed the vibration spectrum of two portable pneumatic extinguishers 6MF-30 and HB2302, as well as the vibration transmissibility of human arm through experiments. It was illustrated that the fundamental frequency of 6MF-30 was 58.5 Hz, and 121.5 Hz for HB2302; there were five and two dominant frequencies separately in the range of frequency spectrum, and the higher the fundamental frequency was, the less impacts they imposed on operators. According to ISO5349—2001, the time for operators to use the two types of extinguishers at the rotation speed with maximum power before they have risk of vibration diseases was 2.29 and 3.27 years, respectively. In addition, the vibration had little influence on the operators’ shoulders and arms since the vibration acceleration values at the upper arm were quite small, and most of the vibration energy was absorbed by the palm and fingers. It is necessary to research on strategies of reducing vibration to human hand in the future.