鱼类病毒性神经坏死病研究现状

鱼类病毒性神经坏死病是近年来严重危害海水鱼类,引起暴发性流行的重大病害之一。目前,已知受神经坏死病毒感染的鱼类达40多种。该病毒包括4 种血清型,即红鳍东方鲀神经坏死病毒、拟鲹神经坏死病毒、条斑星鲽神经坏死病毒、赤点石斑鱼神经坏死病毒。患病鱼常表现出游泳异常,身体失去平衡等典型神经性疾病症状。病理组织学观察可见中枢神经系统特别是脑和视网膜出现严重的坏死、空泡化。病毒可通过垂直和水平两种途径传播。关于病毒的命名、感染机制及其防治还需深入研究。

Advances in Nervous Necrosis Virus of Fish

Fish nodaviruses are the causative agents of viral nervous necrosis (VNN) in more than 40 seawater fishes, and cause high mortialily in many fishes. The virus include four genotypes such as tiger puffer nervous necrosis virus (TPNNV), striped jack nervous necrosis virus (SJNNV), buffer flouder nervous necrosis virus (BFNNV) and red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV). The infected fish show typical clinical signs of nervous diseases such as abnormal swimming, balance loss. Conspicuous vacuolation and necrosis in central nervous system, especially in brain and retina.There was strong evidence for vertical transmission and lateral transmission of infection in many fishes. Although there are many reports about the virus,much remains to be done in further studying nomenclature, infection mechanism and prevention.