外来入侵植物牛筋草的生物学特性与危害成因

为了探明外来植物牛筋草(Eleusine indica)的生物学特性及其危害特点,采用实地调查法对洞庭湖区牛筋草的茎分蘖生长规律、伴生植物、分布生境、繁殖特性以及形成危害的原因等进行了调查与综合分析。结果表明:牛筋草在洞庭湖区分布广泛,繁殖能力强,根系发达,适应性强,生存竞争能力强,对农作物危害严重;其茎分枝平均长度为44.20cm,分枝节位越高,分枝长度越短;菜地牛筋草的茎分枝数最多,密度达48.80株/m2,相对盖度较大(为80.56%);牛筋草的复穗状花序分列数多是2列或3列;禾本科植物为其伴生的优势科,狗尾草、狗牙根为伴生的优势种。

Biological Characteristics of Alien Species of Eleusine indica and the Cause of Harm

To explore the biological characteristics and cause of harm of alien plant E.indica,a field investigation was conducted to study the growth rule,associated plants,distribution habitats,propagation characteristics and the causes of harm of E.indica in Dongting Lake area.The results showed that E.indica in Dongting Lake area was of wide distribution,strong reproductive capacity,developed root system,strong competitive capacity and severe damage to crops.The mean length of stem branches was 44.20 cm.Moreover,the shorter the branch,the higher the node.The number of branches in vegetable field was the most(48.80 plants/m2),and the relative cover degree was big(80.56%).The compound spike was of 2～3 columns.The gramineous plants was its dominant associated family.Green bristlegras and bermuda grass were the dominant associated species.