不同营养水平对民猪及哈白猪生长影响的研究——III在饥饿与补偿状态下能量与蛋白质代谢及体成分间的比较

纯种东北民猪、哈白猪由活重30公斤始施以一个饲粮三个水平的处理:自由采食,作为对照;维持组,能量按165—0.8(体重—20)体重~(0.75)供给;低维组,能量供给为前者的60％。当自由组达到50公斤时,其余两组同时转入自由采食,直至活重70公斤结束全部试验。处于饥饿状态时,民猪全期减重少于哈白猪1.1公斤;析因分析能量、蛋白、脂肪也是民猪减得少。民猪维持需要比哈白猪低,前者为76.8千卡/公斤。~(0.75),后者为91.2千卡/公斤~(0.75)。消化能沉积脂肪,蛋白的部分效率也以民猪高,在维持需要之上,民猪每食入l兆卡消化能沉积脂肪39.96克,蛋白21.70克;哈白则为33.98克与18.88克。饲料可消化粗蛋白的沉积效率,民猪为52％,哈白猪为45％。消化能日增重效率哈白为143.78克/兆卡消化能,民猪为159.78克/兆卡消化能。限食后民猪血红蛋白、血清总蛋白含量以及α—球蛋白百分比例均比哈白高。限食并不显著改变两个品种的体灰分百分比及其日沉积量。饲料能量及其它养分的消化率也不因限食而有所改变。限食转入自由采食后,两品种都表现出明显的补偿作用,表现出日增重快以及限食时血糖α、γ、球蛋白,血清总蛋白低的差异消失。补偿期间哈白水分沉积多,故两个品种的饲粮利用总效率相仿。能量及其它养分的消化率也无品种间差异。

COMPARISON OF METABOLISMS OF ENERGY AND PROTEIN AND BODY COMPOSITIONS OF NORTHEAST MING PIG WITH HARBIN WHITE PIG UNDER DEPLETION-REPLETION

Since 1979, studies on the breed characteristics of the Northeast Ming Pig(M)were carried out in many respects. In Order to test its response to feed restriction and subsequent realimentation, an experiment was carried out in 1983 with the Harbin White breed(HW)run in parallel.30 weaned barrows of each breed were selected from the Lanxi County Pig Farm. They were allocated each to three feeding regimes, (1) ad libitium as Control, (2) maintenance energy allowance calculated according to 165—O. 8(kg-20)/kg~(0.75)and submaintenance, 60% of lot 2, comencing at 30 kg. When lot 1 reached 50 kg, all pigs switched to ad libitium feeding up to 70 kg. Digestibility and metabolism trials were conducted on sample pigs during the 30—50 and 50—70kg intervals. Sample pigs were slaughted at 30, when lot l reached 50 and finally at 70 kg. Weight change5 of body and parts were recorded, empty body was analysed for energy, protein and moisture. During the first period, M lot 3 pigs lost less weight, less protein and fat as also less energy than the HW. Calculated maintenance energy requirement.was considerably lower for the M (76. 8 kca 1_kg~(0.75) as against 91. 2 for the HW. Partial efficiencies of DE for the deposition of protein and fat were higher for the M than HW being 21. 72g and 39. 96g and 18. 88g and 33. 98g,per Mcal for the respective breeds, with an efficiency of DCP at 52% for the former and 45% for the latter. Efficiency of DE for gain was higher for the M,157. 78g per Mcal in comparison to 143. 78 g for the HW. But ADG on ad libitium feeding was 21.7% more for the HW than the M at the same weight range. Feed restriction bad no effect on body ash Content or retentiou rate. Nutrient digestibility did not differ between breeds nor between energy levels. Physiological and biochemical criteria suggested that the M was more tolerent to feed restriction.Their HB, serum total protein and γ-globin being higher than the HW. Serum total protein decreased with decreasing feed level.Realimentation following depletion demonstrated significant compensatory growth. as manifested by faster ADG and disapperence of differences in blood sugar a and γ-globin and serum total pro rein contents. Since M still grew at a slower rate, it took longer to reach similar final weight. During this full-fed period, nutrients digestibilities of two breeds remained similar. Efficiency of feed utilization did not differ between breeds because HW gained more weight with higher water content.