中国海罂粟属(Glaucium L.)叶片特征及其抗旱性

[目的]完善海罂粟属(Glaucium L.)的系统分类,了解各种之间的抗旱性差别,为新疆植物的系统分类提供参考.[方法]应用叶片离析法和石蜡切片法,在光学显微镜下观察海罂粟属(Glaucium L.)3种植物的叶表皮特征和叶解剖学特征,测量并统计了气孔器类型、气孔大小、气孔密度、气孔指数及组织结构紧密度等指标.[结果]表皮细胞为多边形和无规则形,垂周壁为平直、弓形、波状和深波状;上下表皮均有气孔器,气孔下陷,形状为圆形、椭圆形;气孔器类型均以无规则和四分体型为主,偶有不等细胞型;上表皮气孔密度大于下表皮;叶片均为异面叶.[结论]海罂粟属植物气孔器和叶表皮细胞特征在种间差异比较明显,可以作为种间鉴定的重要依据,具有重要的分类学意义;新疆海罂粟(G.squamigerum Karelin & Kirilov)的抗旱能力最强,海罂粟(G.fimbrilligerum Boissier)次之,天山海罂粟(G.elegans Fischer & C.A.Meyer)最弱.

Studies on Characters and Drought Resistance of Leaf of Chinese Glaucium L.

【Objective】The aim of this study was designed to perfect the systematic classification of Glaucium L.to know the differences between various drought resistance of the species to provide the data for plant systematic classification in Xinjiang.【Method】The Leaf micro-morphology characters and anatomical structure of the species of Glaucium from China were observed with the light microscope.The stomatal size,stomatal density,stomatal index and the tissue structure tense ratio,shape and pattern of anticlinal walls of epidermis cells were measured and counted under LM.【Result】The results show that the shape of leaf epidermal cells are polygonal or irregular,and the anticlinal walls are straight,arched,sinuate or sinuolate.The sunken stomatal apparatuses present both on the adaxial epidermis and the abaxial epidermis.The shapes of the stoma were round and ova1.The type of stomatal apparatuses is mainly anisocytic and tetracytic,only occasionally anisocytic.The stomatal density of adaxial epidermis is larger than that of the abaxial epidermis.All the leaves are typically bifacial.【Conclusion】The difference of micro-morphological characters,such as stomatal and epidermis feature,is great in Glaucium.All these data could be used as an important basis for interspecific idertification.The draught resistance of Glaucium squamigerum Karelin & Kirilov is the strongest,Glaucium fimbrilligerum Boissier is stronger than Glaucium elegans Fischer & C.A.Meyer.